Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources

Grand Challenges in Chemical Treatment of Hazardous Pollutants

“…The tremendous growth in industrialization and urbanization has resulted in generation of large amount of wastewater as well as hazardous waste (Chai et al, 2021;Titchou et al, 2021). Heterogenous solid waste usually ends up in landfills which undergoes various physicochemical change (Xiong et al, 2019;Patel et al, 2021)The nature and composition of hazardous waste varies depending on the source materials. Leachate from landfill sites has the potential to affect the water quality if it further enters into water streams via rainwater/stormwater (Bishop et al, 1986;Gautam et al, 2019).…”

“…It is noteworthy that due to water scarcity and environmental pollution by emission of pollutants, there is a continual rising global concern regarding the treatment of wastewater in order to make it available for reuse (Hussein and Jasim, 2021;Patel et al, 2021). Due to inefficient traditional treatment technologies, varieties of pollutants reach into the environment which directly and/or indirectly affects flora and fauna.…”

“…However, the efficient operation of these systems is energyintensive and requires substantial operative and maintenance costs (Patel et al, 2021). The most promising approach for treatment of wastewater and hazardous solid waste requires recovery of possible resources, reduction of waste/wastewater and efficient removal of toxic pollutants (Ahmed et al, 2021).…”

“…Chemical treatment can alter the toxic waste into nontoxic end-products and help in their safe disposal. It mainly includes precipitation, ion-exchange, neutralization, oxidation, coagulation, flocculation and electrochemical process (Ullah et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2021).…”

An Interactive Tool for Simulation of Biological Models Into the Wastewater Treatment With Microalgae

“…Although the conventional wastewater treatments have shown adequate nutrients removal levels, they imply a high economic cost and a resource waste (Acién et al, 2016). Therefore, in order to solve this situation, some eco-friendly alternatives have appeared for wastewater treatment, which allow obtaining a treated effluent of good quality, an efficient nutrient recovery, and production of energy and/or bioproducts at low cost (Puyol et al, 2017;Patel et al, 2021). From these alternatives, a microalgae-based wastewater treatment process is one of the most promising technologies for the advanced treatment and nutrient recovery of wastewater, and it has attracted more and more attention in recent years.…”