Physicists Honored for Their Medical Insights

Vogel, Gretchen

doi:10.1126/science.302.5644.382

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It enables us to examine crosssections of the human body, non-invasively. The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Dr. Paul C. Lauterbur of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, and Sir Peter Mansfield of the University of Nottingham, UK, for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging [66]. This clearly demonstrates the tremendous importance of current non-invasive imaging techniques in biomedical applications.…”

Section: Epr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Free Radicals in Living Systems: In Vivo Detection of Bioradicals with EPR Spectroscopy

Hirata¹,

Fujii

2006

COC

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This review article describes recently developed technologies in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging. Automatic control techniques used for a continuous-wave (CW) EPR spectrometer are discussed. These techniques can solve problems created by the motion of animals. Recent developments with time-domain EPR spectroscopy are also reported. Time-domain EPR spectroscopy is a technically challenging method because of the very short relaxation time that free radicals have in biological tissue. EPR imaging techniques are also reviewed, which are able to visualize free radicals in animal subjects non-invasively. Current status and future trends in the development of instruments for EPR spectroscopy and imaging are also presented, especially for biomedical applications. An important and powerful application of in vivo EPR spectroscopy and imaging is the detection of free radicals generated in biological specimens, which are so-called bioradicals. This article reviews these bioradicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals generated from xenobiotics, metal ions, and common drugs, and it especially focuses on the direct-detection of bioradicals, rather than indirect detection. Drug-induced reaction mechanisms with hydrazine-based drugs, carcinogenic nitroso compounds, and prescription drugs for patients with hypertension (nifedipine) are discussed in detail based on in vivo studies with small animals. Metal-related reactions in vivo are also discussed with irons, chromate, and manganese.

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Section: Epr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Free Radicals in Living Systems: In Vivo Detection of Bioradicals with EPR Spectroscopy

Hirata¹,

Fujii

2006

COC

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“…MRI is a relative newcomer to oncologic imaging, having first been introduced clinically in the 1970s. In fact, the Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded in 2003 to Lauterbur and Mansfield for contributions to medical MR (Vogel, 2003).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in veterinary cancer imaging

Wisner

Pollard

2004

Vet Comparative Oncology

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With the recent advances in diagnostic imaging technology, cancer imaging in veterinary medicine has become more specific for disease diagnosis, more accurate for determining tumour margins and more sensitive for detecting metastatic disease. Ultrasound provides highly detailed images of parenchymal masses and infiltrative lesions while providing a means for aspiration or biopsy using real-time image guidance. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance-imaging techniques provide exquisite anatomical resolution that improves diagnostic accuracy, provides an accurate means of radiation or surgical treatment planning and a quantitative means for monitoring response to therapy. In addition to traditional anatomic imaging, new techniques are being developed for estimating functional parameters such as tumour perfusion, cell metabolism and gene expression. While conventional planar scintigraphy has been available for some time, newer nuclear imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography promise to further improve the accuracy of initial tumour diagnosis and staging and determination of response to therapy. Although many of these functional techniques are not yet clinically available, it is highly likely that some will be integrated into routine clinical practice in the near future.

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“…This year some of the founding scientists behind the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, where chemical-based NMR techniques were transferred to the real space imaging of biological systems, were honoured by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics. 1 Despite the apparent divide between this medical application of NMR and its use in fundamental science, the common nature of its underlying physics has given rise to synergies and parallel developments. One of the developing techniques in both MRI and in magnetism involves the use of nuclear polarised 3 He.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%