Physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of the factors influencing the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services: a qualitative study

Abstract

BackgroundStakeholders’ perceptions may influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services. Although paediatric clinical pharmacy services have been provided in Hong Kong for nearly a decade, there is no research investigating its implementation. The extent to which the implementation of these services is effective must be assessed so the benefits of interventions can be optimised.AimTo identify factors that influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong public hospitals from physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews of physicians and nurses practicing paediatrics. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed to ensure that this study is reported in a comprehensive and transparent manner.ResultsA total of 6 facilitating factors and 7 barriers were identified. The identified facilitators were improved patient outcomes and service efficiency, trust and confidence, filling clinical gaps as medicine information providers, direct communication within multidisciplinary teams, and reducing healthcare professionals’ workloads. The barriers identified were culture of a medical dominance, a lack of public understanding and recognition, limitations in resources and heavy workloads, the lack of transparent and defined roles within the organisation, the uncertainty of change in the healthcare model, the need for clinical pharmacists to take a more proactive approach, and the lack of involvement in direct patient care activities.ConclusionPhysicians and nurses reported that the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services was adequate, but several key barriers were identified at both the external and internal levels.