“…First, they can help practitioners make the transition from dependent learners to self-directed learners by involving them in the identification of learning needs and the selection of methods, resources, and evaluation approaches (Knowles, 1990). They can provide guidance on how to phrase questions (Covell, Uman, and Manning, 1985), prepare validated reviews and expert networks (Williamson and others, 19891, assist in techniques that permit them to examine their own performance (Knowles, 1990), help them to identify learning needs, and assist them in clarifying what they want to learn (Knowles, 1990;Richards, 1984).…”