Physically transient electronic materials and devices

Shim, Jaehoon; Rogers, John A.; Kang, Seung‐Kyun

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2021.100624

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…This is a highly desired feature for bioelectronics since medical waste has now become a serious issue for the environment and the economy. [16,33] These demonstrations validate that the CMP-based e-tattoo can be adapted to various healthcare applications in a simple and low-cost manner.…”

Section: E-tattoo For Healthcare Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Furthermore, medical wastes derived from the substrate of electrodes have been considered a significant issue in the environment. [16] To cope with this matter, Yu et al recently reported ultraconformal drawn-on-skin electronics for customized healthcare applications. [17] Various sensors and electronics can be fabricated directly on skin with a silver-flake-based conductive ink.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Personalized Electronic Tattoo for Healthcare Realized by On‐the‐Spot Assembly of an Intrinsically Conductive and Durable Liquid‐Metal Composite

et al. 2022

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A notable technology in this regard is customized electronic (e-) skin that can be mounted directly on human skin with tailored design depending on its purpose, attached body part, and user's body shape. [3] Since skin contains various physiological data (e.g., electrophysiological signals, sweat chemistry, and pulse rate) such skin-attached e-skin can interpret the health state of the user. [4,5] Moreover, chronic muscular disease such as inflammatory myopathies and myofascial pain syndrome can be treated with electrical/ thermal stimulation using e-skin. [4,6] Currently, customized e-skins are usually made by patterning and/or printing metal, [3] 1/2D materials, [7] and organic materials [8] on supporting substrates using conventional fabrications strategies such as nozzle printing, [9] screen printing, [10] and lithography [11] in a laboratory or factory. However, devices fabricated in this manner suffer from: 1) limited scalability and flexibility in their design, incapable of on-the-spot implementation, 2) limited durability (i.e., low toughness causing easy tear-off), stretchability, disposability, and gas-permeability (i.e., non-breathability due to the presence of substrate covering the skin), Conventional electronic (e-) skins are a class of thin-film electronics mainly fabricated in laboratories or factories, which is incapable of rapid and simple customization for personalized healthcare. Here a new class of e-tattoos is introduced that can be directly implemented on the skin by facile one-step coating with various designs at multi-scale depending on the purpose of the user without a substrate. An e-tattoo is realized by attaching Pt-decorated carbon nanotubes on gallium-based liquid-metal particles (CMP) to impose intrinsic electrical conductivity and mechanical durability. Tuning the CMP suspension to have low-zeta potential, excellent wettability, and high-vapor pressure enables conformal and intimate assembly of particles directly on the skin in 10 s. Low-cost, ease of preparation, on-skin compatibility, and multifunctionality of CMP make it highly suitable for e-tattoos. Demonstrations of electrical muscle stimulators, photothermal patches, motion artifact-free electrophysiological sensors, and electrochemical biosensors validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of the e-tattoo-based approach in biomedical engineering.

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Section: E-tattoo For Healthcare Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Personalized Electronic Tattoo for Healthcare Realized by On‐the‐Spot Assembly of an Intrinsically Conductive and Durable Liquid‐Metal Composite

et al. 2022

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“…The composite's conductivity is 2.1 × 10 4 S m −1 and meets the requirements for electronics. [ 8 ] The results of uniaxial tensile tests, given in Figure S7 (Supporting Information), show the engineering stress–strain curve of a tensile dog‐bone composite specimen composite following ASTM Standard D1708. The composite displayed a maximum tensile strength of 6.3 MPa with a tensile ductility, i.e., the strain at break, of ≈80%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several layers need to be degraded using combined stimili including heat, ionic species, and UV light. [ 8 ] While these multilayer materials are successful for electronics, their complexity may increase processing costs and present barriers to e‐waste recycling using existing infrastructure. Embedding enzyme nanoclusters into plastics [ 9 ] can program the degradations of polyesters under industrial composting conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Ink with Circular Life Cycle for Printed Electronics

et al. 2022

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Electronic waste carries energetic costs and an environmental burden rivaling that of plastic waste due to the rarity and toxicity of the heavy‐metal components. Recyclable conductive composites are introduced for printed circuits formulated with polycaprolactone (PCL), conductive fillers, and enzyme/protectant nanoclusters. Circuits can be printed with flexibility (breaking strain ≈80%) and conductivity (≈2.1 × 104 S m−1). These composites are degraded at the end of life by immersion in warm water with programmable latency. Approximately 94% of the functional fillers can be recycled and reused with similar device performance. The printed circuits remain functional and degradable after shelf storage for at least 7 months at room temperature and one month of continuous operation under electrical voltage. The present studies provide composite design toward recyclable and easily disposable printed electronics for applications such as wearable electronics, biosensors, and soft robotics.

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“…Transient electronics refers to systems that physically disappear after completing given tasks. [112][113][114] Such a characteristic will benefit applications including implanted devices that could be absorbed in vivo to avoid traumatic removal surgery, [115][116][117][118] medical patches that are frequently disposed and renewed, and environmental monitoring sensors that disintegrate to eliminate unnecessary retrieval, or disposal, etc. One of the key factors for transient soft electronics is the control of transiency, so that the device degradation could only happen after prescribed period of time, or be triggered under specific chemical or physical conditions.…”

Section: Modulation Of Transient Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymer in Soft Electronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Gao

Lee

2021

Advanced Materials

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Pollution caused by nondegradable plastics has been a serious threat to environmental sustainability. Natural polymers, which can degrade in nature, provide opportunities to replace petroleum‐based polymers, meanwhile driving technological advances and sustainable practices. In the research field of soft electronics, regenerated natural polymers are promising building blocks for passive dielectric substrates, active dielectric layers, and matrices in soft conductors. Here, the natural‐polymer polymorphs and their compatibilization with a variety of inorganic/organic conductors through interfacial bonding/intermixing and surface functionalization for applications in various device modalities are delineated. Challenges that impede the broad utilization of natural polymers in soft electronics, including limited durability, compromises between conductivity and deformability, and limited exploration in controllable degradation, etc. are explicitly inspected, while the potential solutions along with future prospects are also proposed. Finally, integrative considerations on material properties, device functionalities, and environmental impact are addressed to warrant natural polymers as credible alternatives to synthetic ones, and provide viable options for sustainable soft electronics.

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Physically transient electronic materials and devices

Cited by 66 publications

References 106 publications

A Personalized Electronic Tattoo for Healthcare Realized by On‐the‐Spot Assembly of an Intrinsically Conductive and Durable Liquid‐Metal Composite

A Personalized Electronic Tattoo for Healthcare Realized by On‐the‐Spot Assembly of an Intrinsically Conductive and Durable Liquid‐Metal Composite

Conductive Ink with Circular Life Cycle for Printed Electronics

Natural Polymer in Soft Electronics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects

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