Physically Motivated Reduction of a 2D Dynamic Model for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)

Gundermann, Matthias; Heidebrecht, Peter; Sundmacher, Kai

doi:10.1002/fuce.200700040

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 the various cells. This behavior, already shown in previous studies conducted on different cell and stack geometries [4,12,15,16] and confirmed by the experimental analysis, is responsible for undesired behaviors: efficiencies or power densities lower than expected, due to larger resistances, and reduced lifetime, due to high temperatures and large temperature gradients. Possible design changes that allows one to reduce gradients at cell level have been examined in [17].…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Some of the issues are related with plant lifetime and discrepancies between theoretical and real performances. Detailed models of MCFC can be used to understand the phenomenological behavior [1], evaluate the effects of possible changes in the design [2], examine the operating conditions for diagnosis [3] or control purposes [4], predict the performances of a cell within a complex plant, such as a hybrid plant [5]. Various single cell and stack models have been proposed in the last 30 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design improvement of circular molten carbonate fuel cell stack through CFD Analysis

Verda

Sciacovelli

2011

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is a promising technology for distributed power generation. The core of a MCFC power generation unit is the stack, where various fuel cells are connected together in series and parallel in order to obtain the desired voltage and power. Stack geometry and configuration are major engineering topics, as inhomogeneous temperature or mass fractions cause inefficient performances of the fuel cells, as efficiency and power smaller than the expected and shorter lifetime. A detailed model is a useful tool to improve stack performances, through design improvements. In this paper, a 3D model of a stack composed of 15 circular MCFC, considering heat, mass and current transfer as well as chemical and electrochemical reactions is presented. The model validation is conducted using some preliminary experimental data obtained for a MCFC stack developed in the Fabbricazioni Nucleari laboratories. These results are examined in order to improve the stack configuration. It is shown that power density may be increased of about 20% through double side feeding. In addition, the average temperature gradients in the axial direction are reduced of more than 70%. Significant reductions in the temperature gradients, especially in transversal direction, can be achieved by adjusting the mass flow rate of cathodic gas supplied to the various cells. NOMENCLATUREEffective diffusion coefficient (m 2 s -1 )Mass diffusion coefficient (m 2 s -1 ) Apparent activation energy (K -1 ) Faraday constant (96487 C mol -1 ) Specific enthalpy (J kg -1 ) M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 Viscosity (m s -2 ) Density (kg m -3 ) Electric conductivity (Ω -1 m -1 ) Tortuosity Mass fraction of species i

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confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design improvement of circular molten carbonate fuel cell stack through CFD Analysis

Verda

Sciacovelli

2011

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…al. [13] is acceptable, if only these states are of interest. Second, concerning the cell temperature, the four cells show significant differences here.…”

Section: Temperature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…That model has been validated by Gundermann et al. based on experimental data collected at an industrial scale MCFC plant [13,17]. In contrast to that previous model, the stack model presented here considers all tree spatial directions, including one half of an indirect internal reforming unit (IIR) and four fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The complexity of the models varies from a lumped representation of the fuel cell stack [5,6] over the simulation of a small 3D cutout section of one cell [7] to models of one fuel cell, taking into account the 3D geometry [8] or a simplified 2D representation of the cell plane [9][10][11][12][13]]. An agglomerate model where the volume averaged stack is simulated was presented by Brouwer et al [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stack Modelling of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

2010

Self Cite

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A model of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack including internal steam reforming is presented. It comprises a symmetric section of the stack, consisting of one half indirect internal reforming unit (IIR) and four fuel cells. The model describes the gas phase compositions, the gas and solid temperatures and the current density distribution within the highly integrated system. The model assumptions, the differential equations and boundary conditions as well as the coupling equations used in the model are shown. The strategy to solve the system of partial differential equations is outlined. The simulation results show that the fuel cells within the stack operate at different temperatures. This is expected to have an impact on the voltages as well as the degradation rates within the individual fuel cells. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,Weinheim [accessed September 2nd, 2010

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Technical Analysis of an Eco‐Friendly Hybrid Plant With a Microgas Turbine and an MCFC System

Lorenzo

Fragiacomo

2010

Fuel Cells

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This article refers to a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) system coupled to a plant with a microgas turbine and a heat recovery system for obtaining a small sized hybrid system in co‐generative arrangement.MCFC are devices capable of concentrating carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in anode exhaust gases. If they are handled conveniently, it is possible to separate and store the surplus CO2 produced by the plant instead of emitting it into the atmosphere.From the simulation model of the MCFC system, previously developed by the authors, a zero‐dimensional and stationary simulation model for the whole hybrid system was formulated and implemented in the same language.By the simulation model of the MCFC system it has been possible to make a parametric analysis of the hybrid plant to find some optimal operating conditions of the fuel cell(s) that maximise the performance of the entire hybrid plant. In addition, the separation of the CO2 surplus produced by the hybrid plant was simulated by the model and then the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the same plant were evaluated.

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Physically Motivated Reduction of a 2D Dynamic Model for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Design improvement of circular molten carbonate fuel cell stack through CFD Analysis

Design improvement of circular molten carbonate fuel cell stack through CFD Analysis

Stack Modelling of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

Technical Analysis of an Eco‐Friendly Hybrid Plant With a Microgas Turbine and an MCFC System

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