Physically mapping quantitative traits for stress-resistance in the forage grasses

Humphreys, Martin; Pašakinskiené, Izolda; James, A.R.; Thomas, Howard

doi:10.1093/jxb/49.327.1611

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both intrageneric and intergeneric hybrids with Festuca species have been reported both in the wild and in the laboratory (Jauzein, 1995; Zwierzykowski, 1996). Studies at the genomic level on intergeneric hybrids between Festuca and Lolium genera showed that they are fertile and have satisfactory levels of stability and uniformity (Humphreys et al ., 1998; Zwierzykowski et al ., 1998). In addition, the chromosomes of the two genera were found to be genetically equivalent, and almost perfect mixing of the genome was found to be possible (Zwierzykowski et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic evaluation of Italian populations of Lolium spp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop‐methyl

et al. 2002

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A comprehensive research project was set up to characterize by different approaches some Italian populations of Lolium spp. susceptible and resistant to diclofopmethyl. The present study was aimed at the taxonomic identification of these Lolium populations on the basis of the electrophoretic analysis of seed reserve proteins. Electrophoresis confirmed the great range of variation detected by preliminary morphological analysis. Approximately half the individuals in each population could be classified as belonging to Lolium multiflorum or Lolium rigidum, the most common Lolium species present in the area. However, electrophoretic patterns revealed a significant number (40-60%) of hybrid individuals in all populations. The origin of these offtypes was postulated as resulting from both intrageneric hybridization among different Lolium species and intergeneric hybridization between Lolium and Festuca genera. No significant differences were detected in the taxonomy of herbicide-susceptible and -resistant populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic evaluation of Italian populations of Lolium spp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop‐methyl

et al. 2002

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“…As a consequence of this and with the development of molecular markers, most efforts in recent years to combine Lolium and Festuca traits have concentrated on the introgression breeding approach using markers to target specific traits and to aid their recovery in backcross breeding programmes (e.g. Humphreys et al ., 1998b). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgenesis from Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars in order to select and stabilize rare gene combinations for grass breeding

Leśniewska

Ponitka

Ślusarkiewicz‐Jarzina

et al. 2001

Heredity

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Androgenesis using amphidiploid cultivars of Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum as parents, overcame earlier problems that gave rise to widespread plant sterility amongst androgenic Festulolium populations. Two Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum (2n=4x=28) cultivars, Sulino and Felopa, were highly amenable to androgenesis and 10% of plants, including some novel androgenic genotypes, had sufficient fertility to produce progeny and further generations. The genomes of amphidiploid cultivars, which represent the F8 generation, were the result of considerable intergeneric chromosome recombination. Moreover, during cultivar development, natural and breeders’ selection pressures had led to the assembly of gene combinations that conferred good growth characters and fertility with the removal of putative deleterious gene combinations. Over 80% of the androgenic plants derived from the amphidiploid F. pratensis × L. multiflorum (2n=4x=28) had 14 chromosomes and were likely to be dihaploids with a single genome of Lolium and of Festuca. In contrast, hybrids of F. pratensis × L. multiflorum (2n=2x=14) found naturally are invariably sterile. Structural reorganization within the genomes of the androgenic Festulolium plants had restored fertility in genotypes expected to contain the haploid genome of Lolium and Festuca. This provided opportunities for their future incorporation in breeding programmes and the development of fertile diploid Lolium–Festuca hybrids. Amongst the androgenic plants, Festulolium genotypes were recovered that conferred excellent drought resistance or freezing tolerance and were thought to be highly suitable for entry into plant breeding programmes.

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“…Some of the climate change scenarios predicted for the UK could significantly affect Lolium ‐based grassland systems which lack resilience to abiotic stresses. Subject to their capabilities for plant hybridisation (Humphreys MW et al ., 1998), or alternatively a change in public acceptance that enables use of transgenic technologies, they could provide allelic variants for improved resistance in Lolium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A changing climate for grassland research

et al. 2005

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Contents Summary 9 Background 10 Objectives, breeding methodologies and progress in grass breeding 12 Markers and their suitability for genetic analysis in grasses 13 Associating markers to genes for ‘sustainability’ in the grasses 13 The genetic control of flowering time 16 Target traits: resilience against climate change and resistance to abiotic stresses 17 Target traits: carbohydrates and sustainable ruminant animal production 19 Target traits: grass biomass, climate change and energy sustainability 21 Conclusions 21 References 22 Summary Here, we review the current genetic approaches for grass improvement and their potential for the enhanced breeding of new varieties appropriate for a sustainable agriculture in a changing global climate. These generally out‐breeding, perennial, self‐incompatible species present unique challenges and opportunities for genetic analysis. We emphasise their distinctiveness from model species and from the in‐breeding, annual cereals. We describe the modern genetic approaches appropriate for their analysis, including association mapping. Sustainability traits discussed here include stress resistance (drought, cold and pathogeneses) and favourable agronomic characters (nutrient use efficiency, carbohydrate content, fatty acid content, winter survival, flowering time and biomass yield). Global warming will predictably affect temperature‐sensitive traits such as vernalisation, and these traits are under investigation. Grass biomass utilisation for carbon‐neutral energy generation may contribute to reduced atmospheric carbon emissions. Because the wider potential outcomes of climate change are unpredictable, breeders must be reactive to events and have a range of well‐characterised germplasm available for new applications.

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Physically mapping quantitative traits for stress-resistance in the forage grasses

Abstract: Key words: Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), physical mapping, Lolium/Festuca complex, stress resistance. Recent advances in cytogenetics of the Lolium/ Festuca complex provide new opportunities for understanding and manipulating physiological mechanisms

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Taxonomic evaluation of Italian populations of Lolium spp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop‐methyl

Taxonomic evaluation of Italian populations of Lolium spp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop‐methyl

Androgenesis from Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum amphidiploid cultivars in order to select and stabilize rare gene combinations for grass breeding

A changing climate for grassland research

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