Physical Views on ParABS-Mediated DNA Segregation

Guilhas, Baptiste; Gall, Antoine Le; Nollmann, Marcelo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46886-6_3

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…We next investigated the regular spacing of chromosome copies along the cell length, which ensures near-even distribution of the chromosome to daughter cells following division at midcell. Based on the known functions of ParA and ParB in other bacteria 33 , 49 , 54 , we suspected that the B. burgdorferi parA and parB genes, which reside close to the predicted parS site (Fig. 5a ), played an important role in the regular patterning of oriC copies in B. burgdorferi .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

et al. 2022

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Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-transmitted spirochete agent of Lyme disease, has a highly segmented genome with a linear chromosome and various linear or circular plasmids. Here, by imaging several chromosomal loci and 16 distinct plasmids, we show that B. burgdorferi is polyploid during growth in culture and that the number of genome copies decreases during stationary phase. B. burgdorferi is also polyploid inside fed ticks and chromosome copies are regularly spaced along the spirochete’s length in both growing cultures and ticks. This patterning involves the conserved DNA partitioning protein ParA whose localization is controlled by a potentially phage-derived protein, ParZ, instead of its usual partner ParB. ParZ binds its own coding region and acts as a centromere-binding protein. While ParA works with ParZ, ParB controls the localization of the condensin, SMC. Together, the ParA/ParZ and ParB/SMC pairs ensure faithful chromosome inheritance. Our findings underscore the plasticity of cellular functions, even those as fundamental as chromosome segregation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

et al. 2022

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“…We next investigated the regular spacing of chromosome copies along the cell length, which ensures near-even distribution of the chromosome to daughter cells following division at midcell. Based on the known functions of ParA and ParB in other bacteria 31,47,52 , we suspected that the B. burgdorferi parA and parB genes, which reside close to the predicted parS site (Fig. 4A), played an important role in the regular patterning of oriC copies in B. burgdorferi .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4-6). We envision that the ParA/ParZ system harnesses physical or chemical forces within the cell to drive segregation of the oriC loci, similarly to how the ParA/ParB system drives patterning of multicopy plasmids 31,40,47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the known functions of ParA and ParB in other bacteria 31,47,52 , we suspected that the B. burgdorferi parA and parB genes, which reside close to the predicted parS site (Fig. 4A), played an important role in the regular patterning of oriC copies in B. burgdorferi.…”

Section: B Burgdorferi Para Is Depleted At Oric Locimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ParA is an ATPase that dimerizes upon ATP binding, which in turn promotes the nonspecific binding of the ParA dimer to the DNA (the nucleoid) 35,36 . Upon interaction with ParA, the ParB-rich partition complex stimulates the ATPase activity of ParA, causing dimer dissociation and release of ParA from the DNA 36,37 .Repetition of this biochemical cycle, combined with a translocation force 38 derived from the elastic properties of the chromosome [39][40][41][42] and/or a diffusion-based mechanism [43][44][45][46] , drives the translocation and therefore the segregation of replicated partition complexes 31,47 . The B. burgdorferi chromosome contains a parS site 30 near oriC and encodes both ParA and ParB homologs 17 , predictive of a conserved ParA/ParB function in chromosome segregation.…”

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Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

Takacs

Wachter

Xiang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-transmitted spirochete agent of Lyme disease, has a highly segmented genome with a linear chromosome and various linear or circular plasmids. Here, by imaging several chromosomal loci and 16 distinct plasmids, we show that B. burgdorferi is polyploid during growth in culture and that the number of genome copies decreases during stationary phase. B. burgdorferi is also polyploid inside fed ticks and chromosome copies are regularly spaced along the spirochete's length in both growing cultures and ticks. This patterning involves the conserved DNA partitioning protein ParA whose localization is controlled by a potentially phage-derived protein, ParZ, instead of its usual partner ParB. ParZ binds its own coding region and acts as a centromere-binding protein. While ParA works with ParZ, ParB controls the localization of the condensin, SMC. Together, the ParA/ParZ and ParB/SMC pairs ensure faithful chromosome inheritance. Our findings underscore the plasticity of cellular functions, even those as fundamental as chromosome segregation.

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Phase-separated ParB enforces diverse DNA compaction modes and stabilizes the parS-centered partition complex

Zhao,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Nucleic Acids Research

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The tripartite ParABS system mediates chromosome segregation in the majority of bacterial species. Typically, DNA-bound ParB proteins around the parS sites condense the chromosomal DNA into a higher-order multimeric nucleoprotein complex for the ParA-driven partition. Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic assembly of the partition complex remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis ParB (Spo0J), through the multimerization of its N-terminal domain, forms phase-separated condensates along a single DNA molecule, leading to the concurrent organization of DNA into a compact structure. Specifically, in addition to the co-condensation of ParB dimers with DNA, the engagement of well-established ParB condensates with DNA allows for the compression of adjacent DNA and the looping of distant DNA. Notably, the presence of CTP promotes the formation of condensates by a low amount of ParB at parS sites, triggering two-step DNA condensation. Remarkably, parS-centered ParB-DNA co-condensate constitutes a robust nucleoprotein architecture capable of withstanding disruptive forces of tens of piconewton. Overall, our findings unveil diverse modes of DNA compaction enabled by phase-separated ParB and offer new insights into the dynamic assembly and maintenance of the bacterial partition complex.

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Physical Views on ParABS-Mediated DNA Segregation

Cited by 5 publications

References 89 publications

Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

Polyploidy, regular patterning of genome copies, and unusual control of DNA partitioning in the Lyme disease spirochete

Phase-separated ParB enforces diverse DNA compaction modes and stabilizes the parS-centered partition complex

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