“…Concrete-encased steel (CES) columns have been widely used in high-rise buildings due to combined advantages of structural steel and reinforced concrete columns such as high stiffness, high earthquake resistance, and high fire resistance. Numerous past studies have been conducted to investigate the compression behavior of CES columns including the maximum capacities under concentric and eccentric loadings, axial deformation of concentrically loaded columns, and lateral deflection of eccentrically loaded columns (e.g., SSRC Task Group 20 1979 [1], Mirza and Skrabek 1991 [2], Mirza and Skrabek 1992 [3], Ricles and Paboojian 1994 [4], Mirza et al 1996 [5], Kato 1996 [6], Wang 1999 [7], Weng and Yen 2002 [8]). Effects of the material properties (concrete and steel) and column slenderness ratio on the compression behavior of the composite columns have also been studied.…”