Physical Structure and Properties of Brown Coal

Woskoboenko, Fedir; Stacy, W.O.; Raisbeck, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-0420-8.50009-9

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Brown coal creeps, even under low compressive loads (Woskoboenko et al 1991). Creep has been reported for peats that have many similar properties to brown coal (Mesri & Stark 1997).…”

Section: Figure 8 Observed Changes In Coal Microstructure and Chemicamentioning

confidence: 91%

Land subsidence/rebound change after Hazelwood mine rehabilitation

Waghorne¹,

Disfani²

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference on Mine Closure

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As the power stations in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, reach the end of their economic life, mine closures are anticipated. The closure of ENGIE's Hazelwood Power Station and associated mine has already occurred and mine rehabilitation and closure planning are well under way. During mining, pumping from deep, high pressure aquifers was required to reduce mine stability risks. This pumping, combined with water extraction (by others) for domestic supply and agricultural use, has lowered aquifer water pressures across the region. As a result, there has been gradual land subsidence of 0.3 to 0.5 m across the region, with 1 to 2 m close to the mines. The Hazelwood mine rehabilitation plan includes the construction of an internal lake to balance uplift forces from the aquifers, allowing aquifer pumping at the mine to cease. Over the following decades, the aquifer pressure will recover, and a reduction of in situ effective stresses will occur so that compressible sediments in the strata will swell. Whilst future changes to the land surface are expected to occur slowly it will be important to understand the magnitude of the change and to assess any impacts on community infrastructure. As there had been limited investigations into the swell properties of the sediments in the Latrobe Valley, an investigation was commenced at the University of Melbourne on the thick compressible coal seams and clay sediments found near the mine. The effect during loading, of creep and chemical/micro-structure changes on the swell properties of brown coal was also studied. A background of aquifer pressure changes and subsidence in the Latrobe Valley over the last 60 years is provided, with recent test results and discussion of their significance on land subsidence and rebound prediction over the next 50 to 100 years.

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“…Brown coal creeps, even under low compressive loads (Woskoboenko et al 1991). Creep has been reported for peats that have many similar properties to brown coal (Mesri & Stark 1997).…”

Section: Figure 8 Observed Changes In Coal Microstructure and Chemicamentioning

confidence: 91%

Land subsidence/rebound change after Hazelwood mine rehabilitation

Waghorne¹,

Disfani²

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference on Mine Closure

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“…In addition, humic substances have been reported to increase respiration and cell division in the seeds [75]. Lignite is a rich source of humic substances and represents 10-80% of the lignite's OM [76,77]. The GI of the raw BM and LY lignites was determined as 116 and 93%, respectively.…”

Section: Compost Stability Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting

et al. 2020

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Lignite amendment of livestock manure is considered a viable ammonia (NH3) emission mitigation technique. However, its impact on the subsequent composting of the manure has not been well studied. This work compared changes in biochemical parameters (e.g., organic matter loss and nitrogen (N) transformation) and also the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) between lignite-amended and unamended cattle manure during forced aeration composting. Amending manure with lignite did not alter the time to compost stability despite delaying the onset of the thermophilic temperatures. Lignite treatments retained N in the manure by suppressing NH3 loss by 35–54%, resulting in lignite-amended manure composts having 10–19% more total N than the unamended compost. Relative to manure only, lignites reduced GHG emissions over the composting period: nitrous oxide (N2O) (58–72%), carbon dioxide (CO2) (12–23%) and methane (CH4) (52–59%). Low levels of CH4 and N2O emissions were observed and this was attributed to the continuous forced aeration system used in the composting. Lignite addition also improved the germination index of the final compost: 90–113% compared to 71% for manure only. These findings suggest that lignite amendment of manure has the potential to improve the quality of the final compost whilst mitigating the environmental release of NH3 and GHGs.

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“…surface shrinkage and pore collapsing of brown coal upon drying [25]. The removal of water from brown coal is always accompanied by shrinkage even at low temperature (30 • C) in vacuum [26]. Significant levels of pore collapsing and crosslinking occur during drying at 105 • C, the standard temperature for drying coal [25].…”

Section: Effect Of Brown Coal Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%