Physical sorption and thermogravimetry as the methods used to analyze linear polymeric structure

Mergo, Paweł; Gil, Małgorzata; Podkościelny, Wawrzyniec; Worzakowska, Marta

doi:10.1007/s10450-013-9535-2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The esters of carboxylic acids and short chain aliphatic alcohols are used as solvents for paints and lacquers [5,6]. The esters of multifunctional monomers like acrylates and methacrylates of various types, functionality, length, flexibility of spacer groups, containing heteroatoms, cyclic, aliphatic, or aromatic rings are employed as new monomers for preparation of polymeric materials differ in properties [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. They find their place in coatings for flooring and furniture, optical fibers, dental restorative materials, hard and soft contact lenses, photolithography, in biomedical applications as biomembranes, blood-compatible materials, antithrombotic, or antivital agents [30,31], to the production of porous microspheres in chromatography or as a potential component of polymer blends or composites [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

Worzakowska

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new, flavor, long chain esters were presented. The new compounds were obtained in the catalytic esterification process of a stoichiometric ratio of trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, succinic anhydride, and aliphatic chain diol. As diols ethylene glycol, 1,4-buthylene glycol, 1,5-pentylene glycol, and 1,6-hexylene glycol were applied. The spectroscopic analyses completely confirmed that the applied synthesis conditions allowed obtaining the new compounds with high yield and purity. Their thermal properties were studied in inert and oxidative atmospheres. The esters were less thermally stable in inert (IDT 186-195°C) than in oxidative (IDT 210-228°C) atmosphere. Two, non-completely divided decomposition steps were visible during their pyrolysis. In contrast, the new, long chain compounds decompose in three major steps in air. The analyses of the volatile products emitted during their pyrolysis indicated on the asymmetrical disrupt of their bonds. The formation of acyclic and alicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, succinic anhydride, diols, alcohols, alkenes, and water was observed. It indicated mainly on the b-elimination reactions during their pyrolysis. Also, belimination reactions of esters are mainly expected in air. Initially, it resulted in the formation of acyclic and alicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, hydroxyl compounds (diols, alcohols), and its b-elimination products: aldehydes, alkenes, and water. However, the presence of oxygen in the medium causes the partial decarboxylation and oxygenation of aldehydes and thus the formation of alkenes and carbon dioxide. In addition, the beginning of evaporation of succinic anhydride was detected at T max1 . At T max2 the evaporation of succinic anhydride, their partial decarboxylation to CO 2 , the small amounts of diols, alcohols, and aldehyde fragments were indicated. Finally, succinic anhydride, water, and carbon dioxide were only observed during decomposition of studied esters in air.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

Worzakowska

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…An empty Al 2 O 3 crucible was used as a reference. TG for the sample containing pure PMMA is described in [ 51 ]. Sample No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots in Two Solvents of Different Boiling Points for Polymer Optical Fiber Technology

Kiczor,

Mergo

2023

Materials

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Polymer materials find many applications in various industries. Efforts are being made to obtain structures with increasingly better properties. It is necessary not only to obtain new materials but also to modify existing structures. Such is the situation with polymer optical fibers. The widespread use of polymer optical fibers is impossible, due to their very high optical losses compared to glass optical fibers. The solution to this problem can be the manufacturing of polymer active optical fibers. Active fibers are the basic components of fiber optic amplifiers and lasers that allow the direct amplification of light inside the fiber. In order for their operation to be the most effective, it is necessary to use dopants. The most commonly used are lanthanide ions isolated from the polymer network, active organic dyes, and quantum dots. These dopants are characterized by very high luminescence and long glow times. Quantum dots of CdSe are made using two organic solvents that differ in boiling points—hexane (a low-boiling solvent with a boiling point of 69 °C) and 1-octadecene (a high-boiling solvent with a boiling point of 315 °C). This work aims to test whether the type of solvent used to obtain quantum dots affects the doping capabilities of polymer structures, from which optical fibers can then be drawn.

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“…The initiator benzoyl peroxide (ALDRICH), which was also purified before the use, and chain transfer agent thioglycolic acid (98% ALDRICH) were used in thermal free radical polymerization of examined samples. Sample was prepared as described in [7].In order to demonstrate the advantageous properties of the PMMA obtained in our Laboratory compared to the commercially available PMMA, a comparison of thermogravimetric (TG), spectroscopic (MS and FT-IR) and optical analysis both polymers was made. The chemical composition of the "our" sample consisted of: methyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide (0,4%w/w) and thioglycolic acid (0,8%w/w) which were used as an initiator and as a chain transfer agent respectively.…”

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Low loss poly(methyl methacrylate) useful in polymer optical fibres technology

Mergo

Gil

Skorupski

et al. 2013

Photon. Lett. Poland

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-The paper presents comparison of thermal and optical properties of the typical commercial available and manufactured in our laboratory poly(methyl metacrylate) polymer useful in polymer optical fibers technology. The thermal studies were made by thermogravimeter connected on-line with FT-IR and QMS spectrometer, the optical properties were characterized by spectral attenuation measurements. It was found that polymer obtained in our laboratory is characterized by higher temperature (about 100 0 C) of beginning mass loss occurred and lower attenuation then commercial available polymer.Microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) provide extra degrees of freedom in manipulating the optical properties of light, such as dispersion, nonlinearity, and birefringence [1][2][3][4][5]. Therefore they have attracted increased interest over the last two decades. Due to specific material properties, the technology of microstructured polymer optical fibers (mPOF) has been intensively developed in recent years. Polymer fibers may show better parameters than fibers made of silica glass in a variety of applications. One of the advantages is biological compatibility, which opens the possibility for medical applications. Moreover polymers have higher flexibility than silica glass, therefore can withstand much higher strains, which enables applications of polymer fibers as elongation sensors in a strain range unattainable for silica fibers [6]. In order to obtain a polymer optical fiber with the proper optical characteristics, it is necessary to prepare specific preform from which optical fibers are drawn or extruded. Now polymer optical fibers are mainly manufactured from poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA (linear polymer), produced by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Unfortunately the main disadvantage of "PMMA optical fibers" is their very high losses, in comparison with "silica fibers", mainly caused by C-H bonds and impurities. In this letter we present the low loss poly(methyl metacrylate) polymer manufactured in our Laboratory. The manufactured from our polymer mPOF was characterized by significant decrease of the losses.* E-mail: pawel.mergo@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl A sample of "our PMMA" was prepared from methyl methacrylate (ALDRICH). In polymer technology two methods of polymerization are used -thermal and photopolimerization. The chemical reaction, essentially, takes place in the same way, except the source of initiation. Due to the crosslinking of the polymer during photopolymerization, this technique is not used in the polymer optical fibers technology. A very important issue in the production of materials for optical applications is their purity. Even a small amount of impurities can significantly decrease the transmission properties of the final product such as an optical fiber. Therefore, MMA was purified before starting the process of polymerization. The purification is performed by distillation process in under pressure conditions getting rid of impurities as well as undesirable inhibitor, which is added to ...

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Physical sorption and thermogravimetry as the methods used to analyze linear polymeric structure

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of new flavor compounds

Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots in Two Solvents of Different Boiling Points for Polymer Optical Fiber Technology

Low loss poly(methyl methacrylate) useful in polymer optical fibres technology

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