Physical simulation as a tool to understand friction stir processed X80 pipeline steel plate complex microstructures

Ávila, Julián A.; Escobar, Julián; Cunha, Barbara Zaparoli; Magalhães, William; Mei, Paulo Roberto; Rodrı́guez, Jaime; Pinto, Haroldo Cavalcanti; Ramírez, Antonio J.

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.09.009

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…No fully martensitic microstructure was observed in the asbuilt walls owing to the need to achieve very high cooling rates (> 100 °C/s) which were not obtained during the buildup. M-A particles are typical microstructures in HSLA steels and are observed for cooling rates between 10 to 40°C/s and stinger-type above these rates [34]. In the case of this research, due to the subsequent heating and cooling of the deposited material it is difficult to track the M-A transformation through the fabrication process, however, mostly blocky-type structures are depicted and these coincide with the morphology reported in the literature [34][35][36].…”

Section: Microscopic Observationssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…M-A particles are typical microstructures in HSLA steels and are observed for cooling rates between 10 to 40°C/s and stinger-type above these rates [34]. In the case of this research, due to the subsequent heating and cooling of the deposited material it is difficult to track the M-A transformation through the fabrication process, however, mostly blocky-type structures are depicted and these coincide with the morphology reported in the literature [34][35][36]. The formation of M-A microstructures in low-alloyed steel is attributed to an incomplete transformation from austenite to martensite in the HAZ after reheating to intercritical temperatures [35].…”

Section: Microscopic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Wire and arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel: Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties

Rodrigues

Duarte

Ávila

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

142

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Section: Microscopic Observationssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Microscopic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wire and arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel: Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties

Rodrigues

Duarte

Ávila

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

142

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“…The secondary phases (SP) were quantified in the area image, which was extrapolated to volume percentage. Notice that SP and constituents are divided into martensite-austenite (MA), degenerated pearlite (DP), bainite (B), and martensite (M), and their presence depends on the cooling rate [26,27].…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high cooling rates after FSW, the SP tends to be finer than under slow cooling rates. Rapid cooling rates favor bainitic products, and slow cooling rates the formation of polygonal and quasi-polygonal products [26].…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

Giarola

Calderón-Hernández

Conde

et al. 2021

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Friction stir welding is an excellent alternative process used in pipelines circumferential welds due to fusion welding low corrosion resistance. This study describes the corrosion resistance as a function of the microstructural features resulting from an API X70 FSW weld joint. The microstructural features were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion analysis was conducted employing potentiodynamic polarization tests using an electrochemical microcell, which allowed to test small circular areas delimited by a 2mm in diameter O-ring gasket. The base metal and heataffected zone were the most susceptible region to corrosion due to the banded microstructures, and the re-stirred-zone and stir zone was the most resistant region to corrosion because of grain refinement.

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Experiment and simulation of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing

Tang

Deng

2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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During the friction stir processing (FSP), the influence of the pre-implanted reinforced particles on the temperature field and the flow field of the processed zone directly determines the microstructure and properties of the aluminum matrix composites fabricated by FSP. However, the differences in the characteristics of processed materials, especially the effect of pre-implanted reinforced particles on the flow of plastic materials, have rarely been reported. In this study, the temperature field of the processed zone was obtained by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. The model of the effect of the SiC particles as reinforced particles on the temperature field and the flow field of the processed zone was established. The influence of the SiC particles on the flow of plastic materials during the FSP was further investigated. The refinement, particle size and distribution of the SiC particles in the processed zone of the FSPed multi-pass composites were also discussed in detail. The results showed that the temperature field at the contact interface between the SiC particles and the matrix in the processed zone was not continuously distributed. Due to the collision and hindrance of the reinforced SiC particles, the flow direction of plastic materials in the processed zone had been changed many times during the flow process. The particle size of the SiC particles has a significant effect on the flow path of the processed plastic material.

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Physical simulation as a tool to understand friction stir processed X80 pipeline steel plate complex microstructures

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Wire and arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel: Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties

Wire and arc additive manufacturing of HSLA steel: Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure and mechanical properties

Corrosion Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded API X70 Steel

Experiment and simulation of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing

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