Physical restraint of patients in acute mental health care settings: patient, staff, and environmental factors associated with the use of a horizontal restraint position

Whittington, Richard; Lancaster, Gillian; Meehan, Cricket; Lane, Steven; Riley, Donald E.

doi:10.1080/14789940600645753

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These findings align with earlier research noting that staff who regularly engage in the core duties of inpatient care, including patient containment procedures, have the highest likelihood of experiencing patient-on-staff assault (Carmel & Hunter 1989, Hunter & Carmel 1992, Whittington et al 2006, Hamrin et al 2009). Dealing with challenging or antagonistic patients, employing patient containment procedures and working with suicidal and high-risk patients were high-risk interactions for staff.…”

Section: Variablesupporting

confidence: 87%

A cross‐sectional survey of factors related to inpatient assault of staff in a forensic psychiatric hospital

Kelly

Subica

Fulginiti

et al. 2014

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Section: Variablesupporting

confidence: 87%

A cross‐sectional survey of factors related to inpatient assault of staff in a forensic psychiatric hospital

Kelly

Subica

Fulginiti

et al. 2014

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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“…self‐harm. We have discussed these issues elsewhere (Whittington et al . 2006b) and also asserted some of the strengths of this particular dataset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data have already been described in detail elsewhere (Riley et al . 2006, Whittington et al . 2006b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the position of restraint of disturbed psychiatric patients have any association with staff and patient injuries?

Lancaster

Whittington

Lane

et al. 2008

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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The aim of this study was to examine the risk of injury among patients and staff following involvement in a restraint episode in relation to restraint position (standing, supine or prone) and other aspects of the pre-incident behaviour including perceived causation. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the relative odds of injury to staff or patient in a series of 680 restraint episodes involving 260 patients in an adult mental health service in England between 1999 and 2001. There was no statistically significant association between patient injury and restraint position in this sample, but a prone restraint position was weakly associated with staff injury. Staff injury was most likely when an actual assault had occurred prior to the incident. Patient injury was more likely when the patient had self-harmed, had been abusing substances and had used a weapon prior to the incident, and less likely when the patient was showing signs of frustration with their environment. The use of prone restraint may be weakly associated with an increased risk of injury to staff. However, other aspects of the incident are stronger predictors and should be considered when planning training for front line staff.

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“…However, while noting the above, it should also be considered that restraint itself has the potential to cause harm (Parkes et al 2011;Stubbs & Hollins 2011 Indeed, within the literature a taxonomy of restraint is identified and includes the vertical and horizontal positions, the latter only deemed necessary as a last resort, but often being used as the first line of action (Whittington et al 2006;Perkins et al 2012), and the prone position now being banned due to its potential lethality (DH, 2014 …”

Section: The Meso Level: Organisational Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restraining good practice: Reviewing evidence of the effects of restraint from the perspective of service users and mental health professionals in the United Kingdom (UK)

Cusack

McAndrew

Cusack

et al. 2016

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

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Safeguarding, balancing the concept of risk with the need for public protection and its implication for the lives of individuals, is an important facet of contemporary mental health care. Integral to safeguarding is the protection of human rights; the right to live free from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, and having the right to liberty, security, respect and privacy. Professionals are required to recognise all of these rights when delivering care to vulnerable people. In the United Kingdom (UK) there has been growing public concern regarding abusive practices in institutions, with a number of unacceptable methods of restraint being identified as a feature of care, particularly in mental health care. In keeping with the service user movement, and following a review of the literature, this paper discusses the evidence regarding restraint from the perspectives of service users and professionals within mental health services and considers the implications for future practice and research. In reviewing the literature findings revealed restraint can be a form of abuse, it's inappropriate use often being a consequence of fear, neglect and lack of using de-escalation techniques.Using restraint in this way can have negative implications for the well-being of service users and mental health professionals alike.

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Physical restraint of patients in acute mental health care settings: patient, staff, and environmental factors associated with the use of a horizontal restraint position

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

A cross‐sectional survey of factors related to inpatient assault of staff in a forensic psychiatric hospital

A cross‐sectional survey of factors related to inpatient assault of staff in a forensic psychiatric hospital

Does the position of restraint of disturbed psychiatric patients have any association with staff and patient injuries?

Restraining good practice: Reviewing evidence of the effects of restraint from the perspective of service users and mental health professionals in the United Kingdom (UK)

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