Physical quality of a Latosol under no-tillage and conventional tillage in the semi-arid region

Abstract

RESUMO-Foi avaliada a qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo de textura franco-argilo-arenosa do semiárido, cultivado nos sistemas de plantio direto (SPD) e preparo convencional (SPC) com diferentes coberturas vegetais. O experimento foi implantado como parcela única (18 x 18 m) para cada um dos seis tratamentos: dois sistemas de cultivo e três culturas (milho, girassol e sorgo) semeadas no verão, precedentes ao feijão, semeado no outono/inverno, além da mata nativa (MN) como testemunha. Avaliou-se a cobertura morta na superfície do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, carbono orgânico total, estabilidade de agregados em água, densidade do solo, macroporos, microporos, porosidade total e retenção de água nas profundidades 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Os melhores indicadores físicos de qualidade do solo nas condições do semiárido foram obtidos no solo sob plantio direto com gramíneas. O SPD mantém a agregação do solo semelhante à MN, enquanto o SPC reduz a agregação e o aporte de carbono no solo. As gramíneas no SPD incrementam o teor de carbono no solo, devido à maior produção de cobertura morta em relação ao girassol. O SPD causa maior compactação superficial do solo que o SPC, mas não altera a retenção de água. Os tratamentos não influenciaram nenhum dos atributos na profundidade de 0,20-0,40 m.

Critical values of physical attributes of an Ultisol under uses in South of Brazil

“…However, confirming the results obtained, Schiavo & Colodro (2012) did not find differences between pasture and corn crop. Sales et al (2016) reported TOC values obtained in fallow close to those obtained in the superficial layer of soils under corn crop in Figure 3. Bulk density (A), macroporosity (B), total porosity (C), penetration resistance (D) and total organic carbon (E) of an Ultsol under fallow, corn crop and pasture.…”

“…The literature shows evidence that the animals might create from 350 to 400 kPa pressure on the soil (Betteridge et al, 1999). In soils where corn is cropped, Sales et al (2016) revealed differences from native areas regarding soil quality from the evaluation of soil structure.…”

“…The bulk density, resistance to penetration, soil porosity (Torres et al, 2015; and organic carbon (Sales et al, 2016;Rosemary et al, 2017) are some of the indicators of soil degradation under pasture, corn and other managements.…”

Biochemical and Biological Properties of Soil from Murundus Wetlands Converted into Agricultural Systems

“…Anthropogenic interference in natural ecosystems, together with inadequate soil management have been the major cause of soil sustainability reduction, compromising its structure (Cunha et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2013;Sales et al, 2016), reducing carbon stock (Cardoso et al, 2010;Marques et al, 2016), and limiting its biological activity (Carneiro et al, 2009). The changes caused by the conversion of native areas into agricultural systems affect soil functionality and hinder the re-establishment of a new equilibrium in the soil system.…”

Multivariate Geospatial Feature of the Soil Attributes of Archaeological Dark Earth in Novo Aripuanã, AM

“…There is consensus that the water content in the soil, bulk density, total porosity, macro and microporosity and soil penetration resistance indicates the state in which the ground structure lies and serve as indicators of the physical quality (Andrade, Araújo, Rosa, Gomes, & Lobato, 2009;Aratani, Freddi, Centurion, & Andrioli, 2009;Sales, Portugal, Moreira, Kondo, & Pegoraro, 2016). Consequently, an ideal soil structure provides better conditions for plant development, sufficient and continuous pore space for the movement of water and gases, and low soil resistance to root penetration, so as not to disrupt its growth.…”