Physical Properties of Summer Sea Ice in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic During 2008–2018

Wang, Q.; Lü, Peng; Leppäranta, Matti; Cheng, Bin; Zhang, G.; Li, Z.

doi:10.1029/2020jc016371

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The sea ice temperature was measured at each site immediately after lifting the ice core using a fast-response probe thermometer (accuracy ±0.2 • C, Testo, Germany). The probe was inserted in 2 mm diameter holes drilled to the core center at 5 to 10 cm intervals along the core length [25]. In order to avoid the loss of brine in the ice cores, the ice cores were treated quickly in the field to reduce the salinity error [26,27].…”

Section: Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to avoid the loss of brine in the ice cores, the ice cores were treated quickly in the field to reduce the salinity error [26,27]. The density of the ice core was taken back to the land laboratory for measurement via a method based on Wang et al [25]. The temperature, salinity, and density of the ice core were provided by the Dalian University of Technology.…”

Section: Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top of the cores was 3~5 cm thick with snow, and beneath the snow was columnar ice. For better comparison of the sea ice structure and N 2 O distribution in different ice cores, we normalized the length of the two cores (the length of sea ice was processed into a dimensionless number 1, and the sea ice depth becomes a relative value of the total length, 0 < normalized depth < 1) [25]. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and density against normalized depth are shown in Figure 2, revealing that salinity distribution characteristics of IS05 and IS06 were different.…”

Section: Structure Of Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subsurface of MYI rapidly melts due to solar radiation in summer, resulting in the upper part of MYI being air permeable. After the brine is drained, the drained brine pockets are refilled by air [25], resulting in the highest gas volume fraction in the subsurface. Similarly, there are great differences in brine distribution between FYI and MYI: the brine fraction varies from 8.8 to 48.4%, with an average of 23.4 ± 14.7%, and the minimum fraction appears at the subsurface while the maximum fraction appears at the normalized depth of 0.6.…”

Section: Sea Ice Brine and Gas Volume Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season

Liu

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2022

Water

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and the ocean is an important source of N2O. As the Arctic Ocean is strongly affected by global warming, rapid ice melting can have a significant impact on the N2O pattern in the Arctic environment. To better understand this impact, N2O concentration in ice core and underlying seawater (USW) was measured during the seventh Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE2016). The results showed that the average N2O concentration in first-year ice (FYI) was 4.5 ± 1.0 nmol kg−1, and that in multi-year ice (MYI) was 4.8 ± 1.9 nmol kg−1. Under the influence of exchange among atmosphere-sea ice-seawater systems, brine dynamics and possible N2O generation processes at the bottom of sea ice, the FYI showed higher N2O concentrations at the bottom and surface, while lower N2O concentrations were seen inside sea ice. Due to the melting of sea ice and biogeochemical processes, USW presented as the sink of N2O, and the saturation varied from 47.2% to 102.2%. However, the observed N2O concentrations in USW were higher than that of T-N2OUSW due to the sea–air exchange, diffusion process, possible N2O generation mechanism, and the influence of precipitation, and a more detailed mechanism is needed to understand this process in the Arctic Ocean.

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Section: Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure Of Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Ice Brine and Gas Volume Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season

Liu

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Karulina et al (2019) conducted full-scale bending tests and presented negative exponential equations of sea ice flexural strength and effective elastic modulus relying on the square root of brine volume fraction. Given brine and gas in sea ice cannot bear loads, the mechanical properties of sea ice should depend more on the total porosity (i.e., brine volume plus gas volume) than the brine volume, especially for the warm ice that gas within sea ice may occupy more volume than brine (Timco and Weeks, 2010;Frantz et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020). However, rare studies quantitated the effects of porosity on flexural strength and effective elastic modulus of sea ice (Wang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on flexural strength and effective elastic modulus of granular ice in the Bohai Sea, China

Xiu

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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In the ice-infested Bohai Sea, ice-breaking cones are generally installed on offshore wind turbine towers for ice resistance. Bending failure is a frequent ice failure mode occurring when ice interacts with ice-breaking cones. Global warming prolongs the ice formation period in the Bohai Sea, inducing an increasing trend of granular ice fraction in ice sheets. To better understand the bending mechanical behaviors of granular sea ice in the Bohai Sea, laboratory three-point bending tests were conducted using granular sea ice collected in the Bohai Sea during the winter of 2010–2011. A total of 42 ice samples were tested at −5, −10, and −15°C with strain rates of 1 × 10−6–6×10−4 s−1 in the downward direction vertical to the original ice surface. During tests, the salinity and density of each ice specimen were measured to calculate the porosity. Based on the results, negative exponential relationships were proposed between flexural strength and the square root of porosity and between effective elastic modulus and porosity. After normalization, the flexural strength showed no rate dependence at the whole strain rate range. In contrast, the effective elastic modulus increased with the strain rate. The effective elastic modulus of the ice samples was further parameterized based on the porosity and strain rate.

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A significant change in sea ice diffuse attenuation coefficient with temperature and its implications for the Arctic Ocean

Zhang,

Xu,

Ehn

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Sea ice transparency is essential to the ecology of the ice‐covered sea. Research suggests that the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance () varies with ice temperature (); however, the characteristics of its response are not well understood yet, particularly from a quantitative perspective. In an attempt to fill this gap, three independent laboratory experiments were performed between 2016 and 2022 to investigate the variations of with changing . Validation experiments were further performed in Liaodong Bay in 2018 and 2022. To explore the dominant factors controlling this phenomenon, corresponding changes in scattering properties were estimated through a two‐stream radiative transfer model. To examine its implications for local ice algal primary production and radiation transport, of Arctic sea ice was parameterized as a function of . Our results from the laboratory and field experiments showed that decreases (increases) with ice warming (cooling), and a 1°C change in results in a 0.29 m−1 average change in . The response of to between −9°C and −2°C is more notable than that observed between −24°C and −9°C. This is associated with the different variations in the scattering properties of sea ice. It reveals a significant effect on ice algal primary production under severe light‐limited conditions but a weaker effect on radiation transport. Knowledge of this ‐temperature dependence would further improve our understanding of the optical properties of sea ice and the parameterization of ice transparency in large‐scale climate models.

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Physical Properties of Summer Sea Ice in the Pacific Sector of the Arctic During 2008–2018

Cited by 27 publications

References 77 publications

Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season

Distribution and Driving Mechanism of N2O in Sea Ice and Its Underlying Seawater during Arctic Melt Season

Experimental study on flexural strength and effective elastic modulus of granular ice in the Bohai Sea, China

A significant change in sea ice diffuse attenuation coefficient with temperature and its implications for the Arctic Ocean

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