Physical properties of porphyrin-based crystalline metal‒organic frameworks

Rajasree, Sreehari Surendran; Li, Xinlin; Deria, Pravas

doi:10.1038/s42004-021-00484-4

Cited by 76 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Porphyrins are excellent organic linkers for the construction of MOFs and many different frameworks have been described over the last decades. 27,28 Unfortunately, many of them are prone to hydrolysis 29 and are therefore of limited interest for sensing applications under ambient conditions. One well-described and hydrolytically considerably stable porphyrin-based MOF is PCN-224.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin based metal–organic frameworks: highly sensitive materials for optical sensing of oxygen in gas phase

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin based metal–organic frameworks: highly sensitive materials for optical sensing of oxygen in gas phase

et al. 2021

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“…Linker modification (type, length, functionality, and charge) can consistently fine-tune their applicability in biomedicine by changing the crystallite morphology of NMOFs, composition and multiple physicochemical properties [ 30 ]. To this end, porphyrins are a unique class of compounds because they have a long withstanding proven application in theranostics and can be incorporated in NMOFs with relative simplicity [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin NanoMetal-Organic Frameworks as Cancer Theranostic Agents

2022

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Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid multifunctional platforms that have found remarkable applications in cancer treatment and diagnostics. Independently, these materials can be employed in cancer treatment as intelligent drug carriers in chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy; conversely, MOFs can further be used as diagnostic tools in fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. One essential property of these materials is their great ability to fine-tune their composition toward a specific application by way of a judicious choice of the starting building materials (metal nodes and organic ligands). Moreover, many advancements were made concerning the preparation of these materials, including the ability to downsize the crystallites yielding nanoporous porphyrin MOFs (NMOFs) which are of great interest for clinical treatment and diagnostic theranostic tools. The usage of porphyrins as ligands allows a high degree of multifunctionality. Historically these molecules are well known for their reactive oxygen species formation and strong fluorescence characteristics, and both have proved helpful in cancer treatment and diagnostic tools. The anticipation that porphyrins in MOFs could prompt the resulting materials to multifunctional theranostic platforms is a reality nowadays with a series of remarkable and ground-breaking reports available in the literature. This is particularly remarkable in the last five years, when the scientific community witnessed rapid development in porphyrin MOFs theranostic agents through the development of imaging technologies and treatment strategies for cancer. This manuscript reviews the most relevant recent results and achievements in this particular area of interest in MOF chemistry and application.

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“…Porphyrins are a unique class of chemicals. Decades of intensive research have been motivated by the biological importance of porphyrin-like substances and have identified new potential applications in various fields such as medicine, 1,2 molecular electronics, 3,4 optics, 5,6 energy harvesting, [7][8][9][10] and analytical chemistry. 11,12 Simultaneously, porphyrin and its analogous have been the object of fundamental research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18] Such great usefulness of porphyrins is due to their physical and chemical properties, which are resulting from the specific geometric and electronic structure of the molecule. [19][20][21] Combining four pyrrole rings with methylene bridges leads to an aromatic system, ensuring high stability and flatness of the macrocycle. 22,23 Four nitrogen atoms create the square-shaped cavity, and two hydrogen atoms located in the cavity form two intramolecular NH•••N hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of geometric and spectroscopic parameters of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in porphyrin-like macrocycles

Gawinkowski

Prakash

2022

Preprint

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Chemical bond lengths and angles are characteristic structural parameters that describe a molecule. Likewise, the frequencies of the vibration modes and the NMR chemical shift are unique and referred to as "chemical fingerprints" specific to the compound. These are the basic parameters describing and allowing the identification of newly obtained compounds. In macrocyclic compounds with a porphyrin-like structure, intramolecular hydrogen bonding significantly influences the physicochemical properties. This paper presents the correlations between geometric and spectroscopic parameters related to hydrogen bonds in this type of macrocyclic compound. In particular, these relationships were demonstrated for a large group of porphyrin, porphycene, and dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene derivatives and the group of other macrocycles with a similar structure. A very strong linear relationship is found between the frequencies of vibrations of the NH groups of the hydrogen bond and the length of this bond, which is common for all macrocyclic compounds of this type. Several other relationships are shown between spectroscopic (IR, Raman, NMR) and geometric (X-ray) parameters indicating differences and similarities between different families of macrocycles. Apart from a better understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds and their characteristics in porphyrin-like macrocyclic compounds, these relationships will facilitate the identification of new macrocycles and the extrapolation of their spectroscopic properties.

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Physical properties of porphyrin-based crystalline metal‒organic frameworks

Cited by 76 publications

References 102 publications

Porphyrin based metal–organic frameworks: highly sensitive materials for optical sensing of oxygen in gas phase

Porphyrin based metal–organic frameworks: highly sensitive materials for optical sensing of oxygen in gas phase

Porphyrin NanoMetal-Organic Frameworks as Cancer Theranostic Agents

Correlations of geometric and spectroscopic parameters of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in porphyrin-like macrocycles

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