Physical Properties of Implanted Porous Bioscaffolds Regulate Skin Repair: Focusing on Mechanical and Structural Features

Jiang, Shumeng; Li, Sabrina Cloud; Huang, Chenyu; Chan, Barbara P.; Du, Yanan

doi:10.1002/adhm.201700894

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…However, the high cost and fast proteolytic degradation limited the wide application of chemically modified bioscaffolds. In addition, side effects may be induced by uncontrolled release and diffusion of bioactive molecules into peripheral wound tissues, which make it difficult for clinical use 31 . Therefore, developing novel biomaterials with distinct biomechanical properties, which could regulate cell behavior and host response, has emerged as a promising strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryoprotectant enables structural control of porous scaffolds for exploration of cellular mechano-responsiveness in 3D

et al. 2019

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Despite the wide applications, systematic mechanobiological investigation of 3D porous scaffolds has yet to be performed due to the lack of methodologies for decoupling the complex interplay between structural and mechanical properties. Here, we discover the regulatory effect of cryoprotectants on ice crystal growth and use this property to realize separate control of the scaffold pore size and stiffness. Fibroblasts and macrophages are sensitive to both structural and mechanical properties of the gelatin scaffolds, particularly to pore sizes. Interestingly, macrophages within smaller and softer pores exhibit pro-inflammatory phenotype, whereas anti-inflammatory phenotype is induced by larger and stiffer pores. The structure-regulated cellular mechano-responsiveness is attributed to the physical confinement caused by pores or osmotic pressure. Finally, in vivo stimulation of endogenous fibroblasts and macrophages by implanted scaffolds produce mechano-responses similar to the corresponding cells in vitro, indicating that the physical properties of scaffolds can be leveraged to modulate tissue regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryoprotectant enables structural control of porous scaffolds for exploration of cellular mechano-responsiveness in 3D

et al. 2019

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“…For tissue scaffolds, the stiffness dictates the cell−fiber scaffold interactions. 29 Focal adhesions allow cells to push or pull themselves along the matrix, so the matrix should have sufficient stiffness to resist deformations by cell tractions; however, it is more complex with electrospun scaffolds where the cells can pull themselves in any direction. 30 While mimicking the skin, their mechanical properties can differ depending on their origin, but the tensile strength for the native skin is approximately 20 MPa 31 and Young's modulus range from 0.008 MPa 32 up to 70 MPa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Porous Electrospun Fibers as Skin Scaffolds for Wound Healing Applications

et al. 2020

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Electrospun fiber scaffolds have a huge potential for the successful treatment of infected wounds based on their unique properties. Although several studies report novel drug-loaded electrospun fiber-based biomaterials, many of these do not provide information on their interactions with eukaryotic and bacterial cells. The main aim of this study was to develop antibacterial drug-loaded porous biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds mimicking the native extracellular matrix for wound healing purposes. Mechanical property evaluation and different biorelevant tests were conducted in order to understand the structure–activity relationships and reveal how the surface porosity of fibers and the fiber diameter affect the scaffold interactions with the living bacterial and eukaryotic fibroblast cells. Cell migration and proliferation assays and antibiofilm assays enabled us to enlighten the biocompatibility and safety of fiber scaffolds and their suitability to be used as scaffolds for the treatment of infected wounds. Here, we report that porous PCL microfiber scaffolds obtained using electrospinning at high relative humidity served as the best surfaces for fibroblast attachment and growth compared to the nonporous microfiber or nonporous nanofiber PCL scaffolds. Porous chloramphenicol-loaded microfiber scaffolds were more elastic compared to nonporous scaffolds and had the highest antibiofilm activity. The results indicate that in addition to the fiber diameter and fiber scaffold porosity, the single-fiber surface porosity and its effect on drug release, mechanical properties, cell viability, and antibiofilm activity need to be understood when developing antibacterial biocompatible scaffolds for wound healing applications. We show that pores on single fibers within an electrospun scaffold, in addition to nano- and microscale diameter of the fibers, change the living cell–fiber interactions affecting the antibiofilm efficacy and biocompatibility of the scaffolds for the local treatment of wounds.

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“…In addition to the delivery of drugs, proteins, growth factors, and enzymes, porous hydrogel substrates/scaffolds can directly alter cellular behaviors, promote cellular activities, and facilitate cell–cell/material interactions. [ 98,99 ] Thus, they can modulate host immune responses, of which the focus of this review is macrophage activation. Highly porous materials with a larger pore size and/or high porosity induce higher macrophage infiltration and decreased foreign body reaction.…”

Section: Influence Of Different Polysaccharide‐based Substrates On Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Polysaccharides‐Based Material on Macrophage Phenotypes

Bratlie

2021

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Macrophage polarization is a key factor in determining the success of implanted tissue engineering scaffolds. Polysaccharides (derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms) are known to modulate macrophage phenotypes by recognizing cell membrane receptors. Numerous studies have developed polysaccharide‐based materials into functional biomaterial substrates for tissue regeneration and pharmaceutical application due to their immunostimulatory activities and anti‐inflammatory response. They are used as hydrogel substrates, surface coatings, and drug delivery carriers. In addition to their innate immunological functions, the newly endowed physical and chemical properties, including substrate modulus, pore size/porosity, surface binding chemistry, and the mole ratio of polysaccharides in hybrid materials may regulate macrophage phenotypes more precisely. Growing evidence indicates that the sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans expressed on polarized macrophages leads to the changes in protein binding, which may alter macrophage phenotype and influence the immune response. A comprehensive understanding of how different types of polysaccharide‐based materials alter macrophage phenotypic changes can be beneficial to predict transplantation/implantation outcomes. This review focuses on recent advances in promoting wound healing and balancing macrophage phenotypes using polysaccharide‐based substrates/coatings and new directions to address the limitations in the current understanding of macrophage responses to polysaccharides.

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Physical Properties of Implanted Porous Bioscaffolds Regulate Skin Repair: Focusing on Mechanical and Structural Features

Cited by 20 publications

References 125 publications

Cryoprotectant enables structural control of porous scaffolds for exploration of cellular mechano-responsiveness in 3D

Cryoprotectant enables structural control of porous scaffolds for exploration of cellular mechano-responsiveness in 3D

Antibacterial Porous Electrospun Fibers as Skin Scaffolds for Wound Healing Applications

The Influence of Polysaccharides‐Based Material on Macrophage Phenotypes

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