Physical Properties of Fourteen API Research Hydrocarbons, C<sub>9</sub> to C<sub>15</sub>

Camin, D. L.; Rossini, Frederick D.

doi:10.1021/j150533a014

Cited by 139 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…1. During the course of the investigation, samples from several preparations of each component were employed. In general, values of the densities, refractive indices, and vapor pressures of material from different preparations agreed well, and were in reasonable agreement with data from the literature (5,6). This is shown in Table 1, where average values of the physical properties at 25 "C are listed, along with indications of the range of variation encountered.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Jones¹,

Weeks²,

Benson³

1971

Can. J. Chem.

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Molar excess enthalpies and volumes of the systems cyclopentane – cis-decalin and cyclopentane – trans-decalin at 25 °C were determined by direct calorimetric and dilatometric measurements. Excess Gibbs free energies, also at 25 °C, were obtained from a study of the vapor–liquid equilibria. The excess properties of these cyclopentane systems are compared with those of their cyclohexane counterparts, and are interpreted in terms of the theory of Flory.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Jones¹,

Weeks²,

Benson³

1971

Can. J. Chem.

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“…Using the average volume calculated for the reactant droplets observed in Movie S2 (4.7 ± 0.5 nL), the composition of the reactant solution (3,10), and component densities (28,29), and making a simplifying assumption that the p-hydroquinones behave ideally in solution, an average droplet mass is calculated as: Spray Pulse Mass The mass of a spray pulse is expected to be the sum of the mass of the reactants that produced it (i.e. the mass of the reactant droplet) and of some quantity of enzyme solution that is ejected concomitantly.…”

Section: Reactant Droplet Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation

Arndt

Moore

Lee

et al. 2015

Science

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Abstract:Bombardier beetles (Brachinini) utilize a rapid series of discrete explosions inside their pygidial gland reaction chambers to produce a hot, pulsed, quinone-based defensive spray. The mechanism of brachinines' spray pulsation was explored using anatomical studies and direct observation of explosions inside living beetles using synchrotron X-ray imaging. Quantification of the dynamics of vapor inside the reaction chamber indicates that spray pulsation is controlled by specialized, contiguous cuticular structures located at the junction between the reservoir (reactant) and reaction chambers. Kinematics models suggest passive mediation of spray pulsation by mechanical feedback from the explosion causing displacement of these structures.One Sentence Summary: Spray pulsation in bombardier beetles was determined to be controlled by the displacement of specialized cuticular structures between the reservoir (reactant) and reaction chambers. Main Text:When threatened, bombardier beetles (Fig. 1A) expel a hot spray from their pygidial glands (1, 2). The spray contains p-benzoquinones (3), chemical irritants commonly employed by arthropods (4). However, bombardier beetles are unique in utilizing an internal explosive chemical reaction to simultaneously synthesize, heat, and propel their sprays (2, 3). The spray dynamics have been investigated by high-speed photography of the spray, spray impact force measurements, recordings of explosion sounds, and simulations (5-7). Species in the tribe Brachinini (brachinines) achieve spray temperatures of ~100 °C (2) with ranges of several centimeters (1) and velocities of ~10 m/s via a "biological pulse jet" (5), where the spray consists of a rapid succession of pulses formed in discrete explosions. Pulse repetition rates of 368-735 Hz were measured from audio recordings for Stenaptinus insignis (5).It is well known that brachinines' ability to produce internal explosions is facilitated by the two-chambered construction of their pygidial glands (3) (Fig. 1B-E). Each of the beetle's two pygidial glands comprises a reservoir chamber (RSC), reaction chamber (RXC), and exit channel (EC) which vents near the abdomen tip (Fig. 1B). The distal ends of the exit channels curve dorsally to form reflector plates (Fig. 1B, RP) used for spray aiming (8). An inter-chamber valve (Fig. 1D,E, ICV) is contiguous with the walls of the reaction and reservoir chambers and separates the chambers' contents when closed (2). The pygidial glands are constructed of cuticle, a composite of chitin, proteins, and waxes (9), which protects the beetle from the toxic chemicals, high temperatures, and high pressures during explosions. The muscle-enveloped, flexible reservoir chamber (5) stores an aqueous reactant solution of ~25% hydrogen peroxide and ~10% p-hydroquinones (3), along with ~10% alkanes as a nonreactive second liquid phase (10). Valve muscles (Fig. 1D, VM) span between the valve and the reservoir chamber to facilitate valve opening. During spray emission, reactant solution flows from the reserv...

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“…Thus, equation (4) is invalid for extrapolation. To check the applicability of equation (2) for extending the vapour pressures of the temperature interval 370 < (T/K) < 475 (table 2) to low temperatures, the experimental p(T ) values of n-decane (18) and n-undecane, (19) chosen as reference substances, were treated by the semi-empirical equation (1). Analysis of the deviations σ p of the extrapolated p values from experimental ones (20,21) and p values calculated by recommended reliable equations (22) (curves 1, figures 1 and 2) shows that equation (2) can be used for extrapolation over the temperature range T ext ≈ 30 K with an accuracy of ± (1 to 2) per cent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of vaporization of some alkyladamantanes

Varushchenko

Pashchenko

Дружинина

et al. 2001

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Physical Properties of Fourteen API Research Hydrocarbons, C₉ to C₁₅

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation

Thermodynamics of vaporization of some alkyladamantanes

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Physical Properties of Fourteen API Research Hydrocarbons, C9 to C15

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclopentane – Isomeric Decalin Systems at 25 °C

Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation

Thermodynamics of vaporization of some alkyladamantanes

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Product

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Physical Properties of Fourteen API Research Hydrocarbons, C₉ to C₁₅