Physical Properties of Biodiesel Blended with Hexanol Isomers at Different Temperatures: Surface Tension, Density, Viscosity, and Refractive Index

Abstract

In this work, surface tensions, densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of biodiesel +1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-ethyl-1-butanol have been measured from 288.15 to 338.15 K at 0.1 MPa throughout the whole composition range. Du Noüy ring tensiometer, vibrating tube densimeter, glass capillary viscosimeter, and Abbemat refractometer are used to measure the surface tensions, densities, viscosities, and refractive indices, respectively. Our experimental results for the pure alcohols agree with literature values within average absolute percentage deviations of 1.171, 0.024, 0.737, and 0.061 % for the surface tension, density, viscosity, and refractive index, respectively. Experimental densities and viscosities of some of our biodiesel mixtures satisfy the limits set by the diesel fuel standard (EN 590), becoming potential substitutes of conventional diesel. Kinematic viscosities show a minimum value at alcohol mass fractions between 0.4 and 0.9. Thermodynamic properties and derived properties have been correlated using different equations reported in the literature.

A wearable screen-printed SERS array sensor on fire-retardant fibre gloves for on-site environmental emergency monitoring

“…We tested the viscosity of the as-prepared colloids to confirm the suitability as a screen-printed ink (Video S1, ESI†). At temperature t (298 K), according to the equation: 27,28 U t (mm 2 s −1 ) = c (mm 2 s −2 ) × T t (s),where U t is the kinematic viscosity of the pattern, c represents the viscometer constant, and T t is the average flow time of the sample. Herein c = 1.882 mm 2 s −2 for the SYD-256B kinematic viscosity tester, and T t was tested for 130 s. The arithmetic average of three flow times of the ink was tested.…”

Thermophysical Properties of Biodiesel with Ethyl Levulinate, Ethyl Acetoacetate, and Ethyl Pyruvate + MgO Mixtures from 288.15 to 338.15 K

“…On the other hand, negative deviations of Δη indicate that the dispersion interactions in the mixtures are dominant. This behavior occurs when the molecules have different molecular shapes and sizes . The Δη negative values increase as the carbon chain length of ketoester increases (ethyl acetoacetate > ethyl pyruvate), indicating that dispersion interactions increase with the size of ketoester .…”

“…This behavior occurs when the molecules have different molecular shapes and sizes. 6 The Δη negative values increase as the carbon chain length of ketoester increases (ethyl acetoacetate > ethyl pyruvate), indicating that dispersion interactions increase with the size of ketoester. 48 For the mixture of biodiesel + ethyl levulinate, the Δη shows negative deviations over the whole range of compositions and at all the temperatures, the minimum value occurs a ketoester mole fraction around of 0.60.…”

“…The knowledge of densities and viscosities is essential for the design of the fuel injection system components and the evaluation of the fuel spray characteristics in a combustion chamber. 6 Also, the availability of these two physical properties allows the evaluation of excess molar volumes and derived properties essential to elucidate the type of interactions present in the mixture 7−9 and to develop predictive models. Accurate refractive index data allows to confirm the purity of fuel mixtures.…”

Experimental Study and Modeling Using the PFP Theory and the ERAS Model of the Excess Molar Volume and Isentropic Compressibility of Dimethylbenzylamine with Alkanol Mixtures at Different Temperatures

“…The sample table of the pure materials is indicated in Table . In Table , values of density and speed of sound for dimethylbenzylamine and 1-alkanol are compared with those in the literature. − Densities and speed of sound of pure-state chemicals and binary mixtures at various temperatures are indicated in Table . Literature screening indicates that no density and speed of sound are available for the mentioned binary mixtures.…”