Physical properties and biodegradability of maleated-polycaprolactone/starch composite

Wu, Chin‐San

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00393-2

Cited by 208 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Torres and co-workers (2007) proved that starch source is a significant material property determinant; thus, studying the potentials of starchy legumes which reportedly contain significant proportions of starch that can be harnessed for various industrial purposes including bioplastics can be quite revealing. Accordingly, recent studies have been conducted into the plastic potentials of pea starch with useful results (Ma et al 2008a, Ma et al 2009Huneault and Li 2007 Accordingly, the potentials of blending starch in native granular (Wu 2003), modified granular (Yavuz and Babaç 2003) and plasticized (Matzinos et al 2002;Shin et al 2004;Ikeo et al 2006) forms with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a synthetic semi-crystalline biodegradable aliphatic polyester (Elzein et al 2004;Shimao 2001), have also been studied. These studies were mainly aimed at reducing and improving the cost and biodegradability, respectively, of polycaprolactone (PCL) with starch; in other words, PCL was used as the base material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

et al. 2011

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The environmental menace associated with the existing eco-unfriendly conventional plastics prompted the exploration of natural polymers such as starch for the development of biodegradable plastics. These efforts have seen starch used in various ways, one of which is in the processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Thermoplastic starch (also known as plasticized starch) is the product of the interaction between starch and a plasticizer in the presence of thermomechanical energy. While starch blends with conventional plastics only yield products that biofragment, thermoplastic starch (TPS) offers a completely biodegradable option. However, it is limited in application due to its weak mechanical strength and poor moisture resistance. To this end, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) and flax fiber into glycerol-plasticized pea starch. The effects of processing moisture content on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch were also evaluated. The physical properties investigated included morphology, tensile properties, moisture absorption, and thermal properties. Accordingly, two thermoplastic pea starch mixtures containing 9.3 and 20% processing moisture contents were prepared while maintaining starch (pea starch) and glycerol in ratio 7:3 by weight (dry basis). Polycaprolactone was then compounded at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight in the solid phase with the TPS mixtures to determine the effects of processing moisture content and PCL incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch.This experiment was structured as a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. Subsequently, PCL and flax fiber were iii compounded with the TPS mixture containing 20% processing moisture to determine the effects of PCL (0, 20, and 40% wt) and flax fiber (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt) incorporation on the physical properties of glycerol-plasticized pea starch. This was structured as a 3 x 4 factorial completely randomized design at 5% level of significance. All the samples were compressed at 140°C for 45 min under 25000-kg load. The compression-molded samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, moisture absorption test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.The tensile fracture surfaces showed a moisture-induced fundamental morphological difference between the two TPSs. The TPS prepared at 20% processing moisture content revealed complete starch gelatinization, thus, exhibiting a rather continuous phase whereas the TPS prepared at 9.3% processing moisture content revealed instances of ungelatinized and partly gelatinized pea starch granules. Consequently, the tensile strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break increased by 208.6, 602.6, 208.5, and 292.0%, respectively at 20% processing moisture content. The incorporation of PCL reduced the degree of starch gelatinization by interfering with moisture migration during compr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

et al. 2011

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“…Benzoyl peroxide (BPO; Sigma) was used as an initiator and was purified by dissolution in chloroform and reprecipitation in methanol. The starch (Sigma) used in the composites was a cornstarch composed of 27% amylose and 73% amylopectin with a granule size of 15-100 m. The PESU-g-MA was synthesized according to previously published procedures and had a M w of 1.46 Â 10 4 , a polydispersity index of 2.32, and an η of 2.66 dl/g [14]. The grafting percentage of PESU-g-MA was approximately 0.98 wt.%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cheesecloth was washed with acetone to remove the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble unreacted maleic anhydride, and the product remaining on the cheesecloth was dried in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 24 h. The tetrahydrofuran-soluble product in the filtrate was extracted five times using 600 ml cold acetone for each extraction. Subsequently, the grafting percentage was determined using a titration method [14]. The titration showed a grafting percentage of about 0.98 wt.%.…”

Section: Pesu-g-ma Copolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the commercialized biodegradable plastics, poly(ethylene succinate) (PESU) has received much attention due to its good mechanical properties and biodegradability as well as its hydrophobic nature, but its high production cost appears to limit its commercial applications [4][5][6]. This limitation may be overcome by blending PESU with cost-effective biodegradable natural biopolymers, such as starch, cellulose, and wood fiber, to create new materials with the desired properties [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In particular, starch is most often used because it is abundant, inexpensive, renewable, and fully biodegradable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing feasibility of promoting fertilizer utilization facilitated by controlled release of bacteria-encapsulated film bag

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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The feasibility of using maleic anhydride-grafted poly(ethylene succinate) (PESU-g-MA)/starch as a film bag material to facilitate the controlled release of an encapsulated phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) as fertilizer utilization promoter was evaluated. For the purposes of comparison and accurate characterization, a polyethylene succinate (PESU) film bag was also assessed. The PSB was an indigenous Bacillus sp. PG01 isolate, and the results showed that the bacterium completely degraded both the PESU and the PESU-g-MA/starch composite film bags, resulting in cell release. The PESU-g-MA/starch (20 wt.%) film bags were more biodegradable than those made of PESU and also suffered a more severe decrease in molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity, implying a strong connection between these characteristics and biodegradability. On the other hand, the PG01 strain can degrade the particle of fertilizer into slight ones and make fertilizer easier to be absorbed by plants. Based on the results of this work, the controlled release of bacteria-encapsulated film bag for fertilizer utilization promotion appears achievable.

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“…The association of two polymers into a multilayered structure can allow to improve the surface properties of the film and combine the properties of each polymer [20], leading to a film with reduced water sensitivity and good oxygen barrier properties, provided that both polymer layers are compatible. The compatibility between TPS and PCL can be improved by adding various molecules such as methylenediphenyl diisocyanate [21], maleic anhydride [22], pyromellitic anhydride [23]. Nevertheless the potential toxicity of these molecules may prevent the resulting materials from being used as food packaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Article. Role of ascorbic acid and iron in mechanical and oxygen absorption properties of starch and polycaprolactone multilayer film

Mahieu¹,

Terrie²,

Leblanc³

2017

Packaging Research

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A trilayer film based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) for the core layer and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) for the skin layers was obtained by coextrusion. Ascorbic acid and iron powder were added at respectively 15% and 1.5% w/w in the TPS layer for their capacity to act as oxygen scavenger, making the film usable as active food packaging. This study demonstrates that these compounds also play a role in the interactions between the different layers. FTIR measurements show that ascorbic acid migrates at the interface between TPS and PCL, where it acts as a compatibiliser between both polymers, probably by creating new interactions between polar functions of both polymers. This leads to a better adhesion of the different layers, demonstrated by the increase of the adhesion energy from 4.10 −3 N·mm −1 for the multilayer film TPS-PCL to 12.10 −3 N·mm −1 for the multilayer film containing the active components. Thanks to this compatibilising effect, the mechanical properties of the multilayer film containing ascorbic acid and iron are widely improved with an average maximal tensile strength of 7 MPa, against 3.7 MPa for the multilayer film without the active components and with an elongation at break of respectively 1450% against 290%. However, despite the hydrophobicity of PCL, the water sorption of the TPS-based layer is only slightly reduced. The multilayer film shows active oxygen scavenging properties but the rate of this reaction is divided by two compared to the active film without PCL layers (15 days to reach less than 1% oxygen for the active film without PCL layers and approximately 30 days to reach the same oxygen level with the multilayer active film).

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Physical properties and biodegradability of maleated-polycaprolactone/starch composite

Cited by 208 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

Effects of Incorporating Polycaprolactone and Flax Fiber into Glycerol-Plasticized Pea Starch

Assessing feasibility of promoting fertilizer utilization facilitated by controlled release of bacteria-encapsulated film bag

Research Article. Role of ascorbic acid and iron in mechanical and oxygen absorption properties of starch and polycaprolactone multilayer film

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