Physical Performance Measures That Predict Faller Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

MacRae, Priscilla G.; Lacourse, Michael G.; Moldavon, Ron

doi:10.2519/jospt.1992.16.3.123

Cited by 110 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…ated with falls in the elderly [13,14] and is a predictor of falls [29,30]; our data suggest that it is also a significant factor associated with FF independent of fall history. Arguably, 50% of the FF group had fallen in the past year, which may have lowered the group's mean strength values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Physical Function and Health Status among Seniors with and without a Fear of Falling

Brouwer

Musselman

Culham³

2004

Gerontology

172

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Background: Fear of falling (FF) is pervasive among older people and is an independent risk factor for decreased mobility and loss of quality of life. Although it is a serious health concern, little is known about the severity of the physical and health-related deficits in high-functioning fearful seniors. Objective: This study examined the physical correlates of FF in community-dwelling seniors in relation to their non-fearful counterparts and also explored the relevance of recent fall history. Subjects: Twenty-five volunteers who stated that they had curtailed their activities due to a FF and who reported themselves to be healthy participated. Non-fearful, age- and gender-matched subjects were also recruited and served as a comparison group. Methods: This cross-sectional study had participants come to the laboratory on one occasion for about 1.5 h. Limits of balance stability, walking speed, and lower limb muscle strength were measured in random order. In addition, the SF-36, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and the Human Activity Profile questionnaires were completed to provide measures of heath status, FF and activity levels, respectively. Results: Subjects with a FF had lower ABC scores (69.8 ± 10.2) than controls (90.2 ± 7.9; p < 0.001), and although they reported activity curtailment, the groups presented similar activity profiles (p > 0.05). Balance ability was not compromised in seniors with a FF, although their walking speed was slower than that of control subjects (p < 0.004). Lower limb weakness was significant in the FF group, which also reported low physical health. Perceived physical health, activity and hip flexor torque in combination accounted for almost 62% of the variance in ABC scores. Secondary analysis of the data from the FF group revealed a tendency for those who had fallen in the past year to restrict their limits of stability compared to those who had not fallen; though generally the effect sizes were small to moderate. Conclusions: The marked deficits in strength and health status found among seniors living independently in the community, who are in good health, but report being fearful of falling underscores the seriousness of FF as a potential health risk factor in the well elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Physical Function and Health Status among Seniors with and without a Fear of Falling

Brouwer

Musselman

Culham³

2004

Gerontology

172

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“…The maximal displacements of the CFP while standing still with eyes open and closed for 20 s were measured using a CFP measurement device (Anima Co., Tokyo, Japan; model GS-10) interfaced with a personal computer. The time required for ®ve quick consecutive sitting to standing movements was measured using a stopwatch (MacRae et al 1992). The average walking speed and step length were measured from a videotape (60 framesás ±1 ) recorded during the fastest 10 m walk (Wolfson et al 1990).…”

Section: Assessment Of Motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in postural control in humans in response to a sudden deceleration generated by postural disturbance

Okada

Hirakawa

Takada

et al. 2001

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Age-related differences in postural control in response to a relatively large deceleration resulting from postural disturbance were investigated in eight normal elderly men (age range 67-72 years) and eight young men as controls (age range 19-22 years) using a moving platform. Data were obtained for the hip, knee and ankle angles, position of the centre of foot pressure (CFP), head acceleration, and muscle activity of the leg muscles. The elderly subjects had slower and larger ankle and hip joint movements, and CFP displacement in response to the disturbance compared to the young controls. The elderly subjects also had a delayed occurrence, and greater magnitude of peak acceleration of head rotation than did the young subjects. For the elderly subjects, the CFP was closely related to angular changes in the hip joint movement, but not to those of the ankle and knee joint movements. For the young subjects, on the other hand, the CFP was significantly correlated with angular change in the ankle joint. Cocontraction of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles was observed in the elderly subjects. The results indicated that a movement pattern for postural correction in the elderly adults was different from that of the young adults. The elderly relied more on hip movements while the young controls relied on ankle movements to control postural stability.

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“…The sit-to-stand test with five repetitions [five-timessit-to-stand (5STS) test] is a functional test that is commonly used in clinical settings to assess fall risk [6,7] . The person is asked to stand up and sit down from a chair five times as quickly as possible with their arms folded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinect-Based Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test for Clinical and In-Home Assessment of Fall Risk in Older People

et al. 2015

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Background: Accidental falls remain an important problem in older people. The five-times-sit-to-stand (5STS) test is commonly used as a functional test to assess fall risk. Recent advances in sensor technologies hold great promise for more objective and accurate assessments. Objective: The aims of this study were: (1) to examine the feasibility of a low-cost and portable Kinect-based 5STS test to discriminate between fallers and nonfallers and (2) to investigate whether this test can be used for supervised clinical, supervised and unsupervised in-home fall risk assessments. Methods: A total of 94 community-dwelling older adults were assessed by the Kinect-based 5STS test in the laboratory and 20 participants were tested in their own homes. An algorithm was developed to automatically calculate timing- and speed-related measurements from the Kinect-based sensor data to discriminate between fallers and nonfallers. The associations of these measurements with standard clinical fall risk tests and the results of supervised and unsupervised in-home assessments were examined. Results: Fallers were significantly slower than nonfallers on Kinect-based measures. The mean velocity of the sit-to-stand transitions discriminated well between the fallers and nonfallers based on 12-month retrospective fall data. The Kinect-based measures collected in the laboratory correlated strongly with those collected in the supervised (r = 0.704-0.832) and unsupervised (r = 0.775-0.931) in-home assessments. Conclusion: In summary, we found that the Kinect-based 5STS test discriminated well between the fallers and nonfallers and was feasible to administer in clinical and supervised in-home settings. This test may be useful in clinical settings for identifying high-risk fallers for further intervention or for regular in-home assessments in the future.

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Physical Performance Measures That Predict Faller Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Physical Function and Health Status among Seniors with and without a Fear of Falling

Physical Function and Health Status among Seniors with and without a Fear of Falling

Age-related differences in postural control in humans in response to a sudden deceleration generated by postural disturbance

Kinect-Based Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test for Clinical and In-Home Assessment of Fall Risk in Older People

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