Physical Performance Measures in the Clinical Setting

Studenski, Stephanie A.; Perera, Subashan; Wallace, Dennis; Chandler, Julie; Duncan, Pamela W.; Rooney, Earl M.; Fox, Michael H.; Guralnik, Jack M.

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x

Cited by 1,069 publications

(864 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…So, the difference between both walking tests is large and precise enough to measure clinically meaningful changes in walking speed over time at the individual level when these methods are used interchangeably, which will have a direct influence on clinical decision making. Furthermore, this study emphasizes that when using cut-off values (Abellan van Kan et al 2009;Montero-Odasso et al 2005;Studenski et al 2003Studenski et al , 2011 for clinical decision making, clinicians should be aware that they depend on the assessment method of walking speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method

Pasma

Stijntjes

et al. 2014

AGE

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Walking speed is shown to be an important indicator of the health status and function in older adults and part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment in clinical practice. The present study aimed to assess the influence of different assessment methods on walking speed and its association with the key aspects of poor health status, i.e., the presence of low cognitive performance and cardiopulmonary disease. In 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2±7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic, walking speed was assessed with the 4-m, 10-m, and 6-min walking tests. The mean walking speed assessed with the 10-m walking test was higher compared to the 4-m and 6-min walking tests (mean difference (95 % CI) 0.11 m/s (0.10; 0.13) and 0.08 m/s (0.04; 0.13), respectively). No significant difference was found in the walking speed assessed with the 4-m compared to the 6-min walking test (mean difference (95 % CI) −0.03 m/s (−0.08; 0.03)). ICCs showed excellent agreement of the 4-m with the 10-m walking test and fair to good agreement of the 6-min with the 4-m as well as 10-m walking test. The presence of low cognitive performance was negatively associated with walking speed, with the highest effect size for the 4-m walking test. The presence of cardiopulmonary disease was negatively associated with walking speed as well, with the highest effect size for the 6-min walking test. In conclusion, in the clinically relevant population of elderly outpatients, walking speed and its interpretation depends on the assessment method, which therefore cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method

Pasma

Stijntjes

et al. 2014

AGE

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“…The tests used in this study are reliable and valid clinical tools commonly used in assessing muscle strength and mobility in community‐dwelling older adults. Moreover, they require limited space and can be administered quickly 8, 31, 32. Although these clinical tests are very simple, parameters with poor performance predict adverse health in older adults and would have advantages over other common markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐dependent changes in physical performance and body composition in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults

Makizako

Shimada

Doi

et al. 2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the age‐dependent changes in the parameters of physical performance and body composition in Japanese older adults who are independently dwelling in the community. We also examined whether the age‐dependent changes differ among physical performance and body composition parameters.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 10 092 community‐dwelling older adults (mean age 73.6 years; 5296 women) were analyzed. The measures of physical performance included hand‐grip strength, the five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand test, and walking speed. Body composition parameters (body weight, fat mass, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass) were measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Correlations between age and the physical performance and body composition parameters were tested. The T‐scores of physical performance and body composition measurements were calculated and presented according to 5‐year age groups to examine the differences in age‐dependent changes in physical performance and body composition parameters.ResultsAll physical performance measures significantly decreased with aging. The cumulative mean T‐scores according to age group showed different age‐dependent changes between body mass index (BMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (cumulative mean T‐score change of BMI and ASMI of −5.7 to −2.9 and −12.7 to −12.1, respectively). The slope declines in age‐associated changes were greater in grip strength (β = −0.77, 95% confidence interval = −0.82 to −0.76) for men and in walking speed (β = −0.95, 95% confidence interval = −0.99 to −0.90) for women.ConclusionsThe patterns of age‐dependent decreases in physical performance measures differed among parameters and between sexes. There is a possibility of a difference in the age‐related slope patterns among parameters; decreases in grip strength in men and walking speed in women may be more prominent with advancing age. Furthermore, the decrease in ASMI with age is more striking than that of BMI.

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“…As a low SPPB score is a strong predictor of disability in nondisabled older persons [8], independent of other health conditions and socioeconomic factors [9], the SPPB has been widely used in geriatric research and epidemiological studies to identify frail older persons [10,11]. Interestingly, the LIFE-P study [11] provides conclusive evidence that structured physical activity interventions improve the 400-m walking speed and the SPPB score in frail, home dwelling older persons, suggesting that structured physical activity interventions might have the potential to counteract, or at least to slow down, the occurrence of disability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a structured physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance in frail elderly patients after cardiac rehabilitation: a pilot study with 1-year follow-up

et al. 2011

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The objective of this prospective randomized controlled study was to compare the long-term effects of a structured physical activity intervention with those of aerobic exercises alone, in a cohort of elderly patients who had undergone elective cardiac surgery, and who were classified as frail at the end of rehabilitation based on their Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. At the end of rehabilitation, 140 frail elderly patients were randomly allocated either to the intervention group (IG) or to the control group (CG). CG participants received the usual aerobic exercise prescription, while IG participants were also taught additional exercises for strength, flexibility, balance and coordination. The improvement in SPPB score after 1 year was the outcome of the study. IG showed a significant improvement in SPPB score (9.0 ± 1.1 vs. 7.7 ± 1.4, p \ 0.001), while no significant change was found in CG (7.7 ± 1.6 vs. 7.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.252). IG also showed a significantly higher proportion of participants who improved their SPPB score of at least 1 point (70 vs. 37%, p \ 0.001). In conclusions, our structured physical activity intervention significantly improves the SPPB score in frail elderly patients who have undergone elective cardiac surgery. An intervention that improves the SPPB score might delay the occurrence of mobility disability.

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Physical Performance Measures in the Clinical Setting

Cited by 1,069 publications

References 41 publications

Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method

Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method

Age‐dependent changes in physical performance and body composition in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults

Effects of a structured physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance in frail elderly patients after cardiac rehabilitation: a pilot study with 1-year follow-up

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