Physical modelling of the composting environment: A review. Part 1: Reactor systems

Mason, I.G.; Milke, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.015

Cited by 113 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…If some of that missing energy was dissipated as heat there could a very slight warming of the reactor. As fanciful as this may sound, self-heating is an established microbial phenomenon (composting) [45]. A statistically significant 0.9°C increase in reactor temperature over the influent water temperature (several degrees higher than the outside air temperature) was observed at pilot scale [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, inocula and substrate: Contrasting electroactive consortia, diversity and performance in microbial fuel cells

Heidrich

Dolfing

Wade

et al. 2018

Bioelectrochemistry

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The factors that affect microbial community assembly and its effects on the performance of bioelectrochemical systems are poorly understood. Sixteen microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactors were set up to test the importance of inoculum, temperature and substrate: Arctic soil versus wastewater as inoculum; warm (26.5°C) versus cold (7.5°C) temperature; and acetate versus wastewater as substrate. Substrate was the dominant factor in determining performance and diversity: unexpectedly the simple electrogenic substrate delivered a higher diversity than a complex wastewater. Furthermore, in acetate fed reactors, diversity did not correlate with performance, yet in wastewater fed ones it did, with greater diversity sustaining higher power densities and coulombic efficiencies. Temperature had only a minor effect on power density, (Q 10 : 2 and 1.2 for acetate and wastewater respectively): this is surprising given the well-known temperature sensitivity of anaerobic bioreactors. Reactors were able to operate at low temperature with real wastewater without the need for specialised inocula; it is speculated that MFC biofilms may have a self-heating effect. Importantly, the warm acetate fed reactors in this study did not act as direct model for cold wastewater fed systems. Application of this technology will encompass use of real wastewater at ambient temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, inocula and substrate: Contrasting electroactive consortia, diversity and performance in microbial fuel cells

Heidrich

Dolfing

Wade

et al. 2018

Bioelectrochemistry

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“…The values for the parameters in the equation (2) can be found in the reference [10] and the resulting correction factor for temperature is presented in the equation (3): The correction factor for oxygen is described by the equation [11]:…”

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The self-heating reactor is a reactor relying solely on microbial heat production to reach and maintain process temperatures and having no temperature control besides some external insulation within the apparatus [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composting kinetics for mixture of poultry manure and wheat straw based on volatile solids content

Karić

Petrić

Mustafić

2017

J. eng. process. manag.

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The aim of this study was to determine the composting kinetics for mixture of poultry manure and wheat straw based on the volatile solids content. Experimental data was fitted with the first-order and the nth-order kinetic model. The nth-order kinetic model showed better prediction performance than the firstorder kinetic model. For the first-order kinetic model, maximum and mean differences between experimental and simulation results for the content of volatile solids were 5.43% and 3.00%, for the first reactor, and 4.68% and 2.12% for the second reactor, respectively, for the nth-order kinetic model, maximum and mean differences were 4.92% and 1.68%, for the first reactor, and 4.09% and 1.42% for the second reactor, respectively.

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“…Composting is a high solids aerobic microbial degradation process (Mason and Milke, 2005), offering a route for recycling organic matter and nutrients from the BMW (Monson et al, 2007). Composting can be carried out at various scales, including largescale centralized systems, small-scale on-farm or community composting and home composting (Jasim and Smith, 2006).…”

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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Physical modelling of the composting environment: A review. Part 1: Reactor systems

Cited by 113 publications

References 136 publications

Temperature, inocula and substrate: Contrasting electroactive consortia, diversity and performance in microbial fuel cells

Temperature, inocula and substrate: Contrasting electroactive consortia, diversity and performance in microbial fuel cells

Composting kinetics for mixture of poultry manure and wheat straw based on volatile solids content

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

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