Physical Modeling Using Digital Waveguides

Smith, Julius O.

doi:10.2307/3680470

Cited by 299 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A popular vocal tract model used for simulation of vowel sounds is the ''Wave-Reflection Analogue'' (or ''Wave Digital Filter'') (Smith, 1992(Smith, , 1998. The model divides the three-dimensional vocal tract into a finite number of cylinders of certain length.…”

Section: Modelling the Vocal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model

Riede

Bronson²,

Hatzikirou

et al. 2005

Journal of Human Evolution

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Human beings are thought to be unique amongst the primates in their capacity to produce rapid changes in the shape of their vocal tracts during speech production. Acoustically, vocal tracts act as resonance chambers, whose geometry determines the position and bandwidth of the formants. Formants provide the acoustic basis for vowels, which enable speakers to refer to external events and to produce other kinds of meaningful communication. Formantbased referential communication is also present in non-human primates, most prominently in Diana monkey alarm calls. Previous work has suggested that the acoustic structure of these calls is the product of a non-uniform vocal tract capable of some degree of articulation. In this study we test this hypothesis by providing morphological measurements of the vocal tract of three adult Diana monkeys, using both radiography and dissection. We use these data to generate a vocal tract computational model capable of simulating the formant structures produced by wild individuals. The model performed best when it combined a non-uniform vocal tract consisting of three different tubes with a number of articulatory manoeuvres. We discuss the implications of these findings for evolutionary theories of human and nonhuman vocal production.

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Section: Modelling the Vocal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model

Riede

Bronson²,

Hatzikirou

et al. 2005

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…The duration of contact between the hammer and string is derived automatically by solving Eqs. (1)- (6). We refer to this as force duration time in the struck-string case t st .…”

Section: Excitation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many artificial instruments have recently been developed [1][2][3]. Researches on flexible model structures [4,5] and on cost-effective algorithms for real time implementation [6,7] have been reported. Now there are various synthesis systems with expressive control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound timbre interpolation based on physical modeling

Hikichi

Osaka

2001

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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Our goal is to develop sound synthesis technology that users can synthesize arbitrary sound timbre, including musical instrument sounds, natural sounds, and their interpolation/extrapolation on demand. For this purpose, we investigated sound interpolation based on physical modeling. A soundsynthesis model composed of an exciter, a one-dimensional vibrator, and a two-dimensional resonator is used, and smooth timbre conversion by parameter control is examined. Piano and guitar sounds are simulated using this model, and interpolation between piano and guitar tones is investigated. The strategy for parameter control is proposed, and subjective tests were performed to evaluate the algorithm. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique is used, and perceptual characteristics are discussed. One of the axes of the timbre space is interpreted as spectral energy distribution, so the spectral centroid is used as a reference to adjust parameters for synthesis. By considering the centroids, smoothly interpolating timbre is achieved. These results suggest the possibility of developing a morphing system using a physical model.

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“…[6] As a numerical approach, the wave equation governing a flexible string was approximated to a finite difference form. [7,8] In the string models built with an analogy to the transmission line, a rigid end to strings has been represented as an open circuit, and the displacement of a string as the current on the transmission line.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Line Based Plucked String Model

Lee¹

2013

THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA

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As one way to describe the behavior of a vibrating string, analogies to a transmission line have been made based on the fact that they have oppositely travelling waves on each of them. In such analogies, a rigid end to the string has been represented as an open circuit, and the displacement of the string as the current on the transmission line. However it turns out that the rigid end corresponds to a short circuit, the displacement to the voltage by the theory of the transmission line, and it is confirmed by experiments with circuit simulations. Based on these discoveries, a transmission line based plucked string model comprising a transmission line, two piecewise linear current sources, and switches is proposed. The proposed model is validated by showing that the voltage at the arbitrarily chosen location, and the voltage calculated over an infinitesimal portion at the end of the transmission line are consistent with the displacement at the corresponding location and the force on the rigid end of the string from the well known difference form of a wave equation governing the behavior of the string with its fundamental frequency tuned to that for the proposed model, respectively. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed model to modeling string and wind instruments is presented.

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Physical Modeling Using Digital Waveguides

Cited by 299 publications

References 14 publications

Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model

Vocal production mechanisms in a non-human primate: morphological data and a model

Sound timbre interpolation based on physical modeling

Transmission Line Based Plucked String Model

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