Physical modeling of CCT diagram of tool steel 1.2343

Krbaťa, Michal; Eckert, Maroš; Cíger, Róbert; Kohutiar, Marcel

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.270

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Copper is almost not dissolved in cementite and chromium carbides [ 96 , 97 ], and also does not form compounds with boron (B) and remains only in the matrix [ 98 ]. A copper is mostly dissolved in austenite, thereby it has influence to the formation of residual austenite in Fe–B–C–Cu alloys [ 99 , 100 ], formation of the martensitic phase and prevents the ferrite and pearlite formation [ 99 , 101 ]. It should also be noted that with the addition of copper the solubility of carbon in the matrix decreases [ 102 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of phase composition and mechanical properties Fe–Cr–C–B–Ti–Cu hardfacing alloys: Modeling and experimental Validations

Lozynskyi,

Trembach,

Hossain

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of phase composition and mechanical properties Fe–Cr–C–B–Ti–Cu hardfacing alloys: Modeling and experimental Validations

Lozynskyi,

Trembach,

Hossain

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…These determines the wear resistance of the deposited metal to various types of wear [55][56][57][58][59]. An unstable arc would deteriorate weld appearances and increase the amount of imperfections [60]. In this case, the flux-cored wire arc welding process has a specific character [61][62][63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exothermic Additions in Core Filler on Arc Stability and Microstructure during Self-Shielded, Flux-Cored Arc Welding

Lozynskyi,

Trembach,

Katinas

et al. 2024

Crystals

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In the conditions of an energy crisis, an important issue is the increase in energy efficiency and productivity of welding and hardfacing processes. The article substantiates the perspective of using exothermic additives introduced into core filler for flux-cored wire arc welding processes as a relatively cheap additional heat source, reducing energy consumption when melting filler materials, and increasing the deposition rate. The mixture design (MD) was selected as the design method to optimize the average values of current and voltage, as well as arc stability parameters depending on core filler composition. This article studies the influence of the introduction of exothermic addition (EA), as well as the ratios CuO/C and CuO/Al on arc stability for the FCAW S process. Parameters characterizing arc stability were determined using an oscillograph, and from the obtained oscillograms, an analysis was conducted on arc voltage and welding current signals during flux-cored arc welding. It was determined that various methods can be used to evaluate arc stability, which can be divided into two groups: graphical (current and voltage cyclograms, box plots with frequency histograms, ellipse parameters plotted on current, and voltage cyclograms) and statistical (standard variation and coefficients of variation for welding current and arc voltage). In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of arc stability depending on the composition of the cored wire filler was carried out. It was determined that the most stable current parameters were observed for the flux-cored wire electrode with an average exothermic addition content at the level of EA = 26.5–28.58 wt.% and a high carbon content (low values of CuO/C = 3.75). Conversely, the lowest values of arc stability (CV(U) and Std(U)) were observed during hardfacing with a flux-cored wire electrode with a high CuO/Al ratio ≥ 4.5 and a content of exothermic addition in the core filler below the average EA < 29 wt.%. Mathematical models of mean values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation for welding current, and arc voltage were developed. The results indicated that the response surface prediction models had good accuracy and prediction ability. The developed mathematical models showed that the ratio of oxidizing agent to reducing agent in the composition of exothermic addition (CuO/Al) had the greatest influence on the welding current and arc voltage characteristics under investigation. The percentage of exothermic mixture in the core filler (EA) only affected the average welding current (Iaw) and the average arc voltage (Uaw). The graphite content expressed through the CuO/C ratio had a significant impact on welding current parameters as well as the coefficient of variation of arc voltage (CV(U)). Two welding parameters were selected for optimization: the mean welding current (Iaw) and the standard deviation of arc voltage (Std(U)). The best arc stability when using exothermic addition CuO-Al in the core filler was observed at CuO/Al = 3.6–3.9, CuO/C = 3.5–4.26, and at an average EA content of 29–38 wt.%. The significant influence of the CuO/Al and CuO/C ratios on arc voltage parameters can also be explained by their impact on the elemental composition of the welding arc (copper, cupric oxide (CuO), and Al2O3). The more complete this reaction, the higher the amount of easily vaporized copper (Cu) in the arc plasma, enhancing arc stability. The influence of core filler composition on the microstructure of deposited metal of the Fe-Cr-Cu-Ti alloy system was investigated.

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“…It determines the wear resistance of the deposited metal to various types of wear [37,38,39,40,41]. Unstable arc would deteriorate weld appearances and increase the amount of imperfections [42]. The main welding parameters characterising the stability of the process are welding current (wire feed speed) and arc voltage [32].…”

Section: Introdactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the arc stability during self-shielded flux-coed arc welding with exothermic additions

Trembach,

Silchenko,

Sukov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the conditions of energy crisis an important issue is the increase of energy efficiency and productivity of welding and hadfacing process. The article substantiates the perspective of using exothermic additives introduced into core filler for flux cored wire arc welding process, as a relatively cheap additional heat source, reducing energy consumption for melting of filler materials, and increasing the deposited rate. This article studies the influence of the introduction of the exothermic addition (EA), as well as the ratio (CuO/C) and CuO/Al on arc stability for the FCAW S process. It was determined that various methods can be used to evaluate arc stability, which can be divided into two groups: graphical (current and voltage cyclograms, box plots with frequency histograms, ellipse parameters plotted on current and voltage cyclograms) and statistical (standard variation and coefficients of variation for welding current and arc voltage). In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of arc stability depending on the composition of the cored wire filler was carried out. Mathematical models of mean values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation for welding current and arc voltage were developed.

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Physical modeling of CCT diagram of tool steel 1.2343

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Prediction of phase composition and mechanical properties Fe–Cr–C–B–Ti–Cu hardfacing alloys: Modeling and experimental Validations

Prediction of phase composition and mechanical properties Fe–Cr–C–B–Ti–Cu hardfacing alloys: Modeling and experimental Validations

Effect of Exothermic Additions in Core Filler on Arc Stability and Microstructure during Self-Shielded, Flux-Cored Arc Welding

Investigation of the arc stability during self-shielded flux-coed arc welding with exothermic additions

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