Physical Metallurgy of High Manganese Steels

Bleck, Wolfgang; Haase, Christian

doi:10.3390/met9101053

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, substantial variations in work-hardening behavior were observed, that are in line with existing literature on HMnS. [57][58][59] As predicted by the thermodynamics-based mechanism map (Fig. 1 a), Al-0 and Al-1 were characterized by a combination of TRIP and TWIP effect due to their low-SFE values (below 20 mJ/m 2 ).…”

Section: Correlation Between As-built Microstructure and Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

Controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured high-strength steels by tailored solidification

Köhnen

Ewald

Schleifenbaum

et al. 2020

Additive Manufacturing

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The development of novel alloys specifically designed for additive manufacturing (AM) is a key factor in using the full potential of AM. This study addresses the design of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) that take advantage of the processing conditions during AM by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The alloy screening was guided by computational alloy selection (combined CALPHAD, Scheil-Gulliver, and phase-field simulations) and by rapid processing using powder blends (X30Mn21 steel and Al). Increasing Al contents, ranging from 0 to 5.4 wt. %, promoted bcc-fcc solidification, and allowed for tailoring the stacking fault energy (SFE). On the one hand, the transition from fcc to bcc-fcc solidification enabled controlling the microstructure and texture evolution during AM. On the other hand, the wide SFE range between 8 J/m² (0 wt. % Al) and 44 J/m² (5.4 wt. % Al) promoted flexible adjustment of the active deformation mechanisms, including transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), to govern the work-hardening behavior. The microstructure after LPBF and after plastic deformation was analyzed by XRD, SEM, EDX, EBSD, EPMA, and TEM. Mechanical properties of bulk specimens and lattice structures were analyzed using tensile and compression testing with a focus on energy absorption capacity. The influence of the chemical composition and the solidification conditions during LPBF on the microstructure evolution and the related microstructure-property-relationships of bulk and lattice structure specimens will be discussed.

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Section: Correlation Between As-built Microstructure and Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 88%

Controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured high-strength steels by tailored solidification

Köhnen

Ewald

Schleifenbaum

et al. 2020

Additive Manufacturing

Self Cite

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“…The mechanical properties can be enhanced by activating either martensitic transformations or mechanical twinning to achieve higher strength and larger elongation, facilitating low-temperature industrial applications such as in the automotive sector. As a result, a lower dynamic recovery rate and different deformation mechanisms are expected [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot deformation behavior and constitutive modeling of a cost-effective Al8Cr12Mn25Ni20Fe35 high-entropy alloy

Abdel-Ghany

Jaskari

Hamada

et al. 2022

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…At the same time, the cost of materials needs to be limited to prevent the drastic increase in the price of cars. For that reason, scientists around the world are trying to develop new grades of steel by changing its chemical composition and/or thermal/thermomechanical treatment [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Since the parts that constitute the car body are made of steel sheets a lot of different approaches to produce them were introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second-generation constitutes high manganese steels which have a structure composed of 100% austenite at room temperature. This is the effect of manganese content between 22 and 27% [4,5]. The 2nd generation of AHSS steels exhibits enhanced mechanical properties; however, the main drawback is their high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the 1st and 3rd generation of steels, the most important phase is retained austenite, which is responsible for the TRIP effect [1][2][3]. During deformation the retained austenite transforms into martensite, resulting in a local increase in strength, that delays and even prevents necking [4][5][6][7]. This effect takes place as long as retained austenite with certain degree of mechanical stability is present in the microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Mn on the chemical driving force and bainite transformation kinetics in medium-manganese alloys

Morawiec

Opara

García‐Mateo³

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This work presents insights into the manganese influence on the driving force and bainite transformation kinetics. Three different medium-Mn steels were subjected to theoretical calculations and dilatometric study in order to determine the Mn impact on bainite formation. The theoretical approach shows that the increase of manganese leads to a lower bainite fraction formed during the isothermal stage. This implicates the carbon enrichment of the austenite during thermal treatment. The less bainite is formed, the higher is the fraction of residual austenite which enrichment of carbon is globally low. Meanwhile, the manganese influences the incubation and transformation time. As the manganese content increases, the incubation period and formation time of bainite are longer because the chemical driving force essential to start and complete austenite into bainite transformation decreases. This was proved by theoretical calculations and dilatometric analysis, which show that even a small increase in manganese content leads to a longer time necessary to occur the bainitic transformation. For the steel containing 5% manganese, the driving force was too small that the transformation could occur even after 3 h. Additionally, the XRD analysis was conducted to determine the retained austenite fraction and its carbon enrichment. These results were compared with the theoretical values to determine the accuracy of the applied model.

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Physical Metallurgy of High Manganese Steels

Abstract: The development of materials with advanced or new properties has been the primary aim of materials scientists for past centuries [...]

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured high-strength steels by tailored solidification

Controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured high-strength steels by tailored solidification

Hot deformation behavior and constitutive modeling of a cost-effective Al8Cr12Mn25Ni20Fe35 high-entropy alloy

Effect of Mn on the chemical driving force and bainite transformation kinetics in medium-manganese alloys

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