Physical Metallurgy and Drawability of Extra Deep Drawing and Interstitial Free Steels

Banerjee, Kumkum

doi:10.5772/35073

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…by maintaining a balance between formability and orange peeling effect in cup drawing process. Also, the prolonged tempering cycle is found to contribute in globulization of cementite, which indicates the enhancement of formability 22 by ensuring dislocations to move easily during metal deformation. Table 3 summarizes the mechanical properties (mean values of anisotropic components) of the heat treated steel as the potential input material for cup manufacturing processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

12 mm Thick Circular Blanks of Al-killed AISI 1020 Steel -Applied for Cylindrical Cup Manufacturing by Multistage Deep Drawing with Simultaneous Ironing

et al. 2016

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In this paper a new modified processing route has been proposed for producing long cylindrical cups from 12 mm thick circular blanks of AISI 1020 steel (Aluminium (Al) -killed). In this route, flat blanks were made to preformed shape by stamping operation, followed by multistage deep drawing processes(without blank-holder and with inter-stage stress relief annealing) to increase cup depth. Wall ironing was also purposefully included in each draw step to reduce wall thickness and earing tendency on cup edges. Thus, evolution of wall thickness distribution, Drawability and Ironability, punch force history, and strain distribution profiles on outer cup surfaces were obtained as the effects of interaction between processes, tools and material. The overall draw stages showed: LDR 2.06; overall draw reduction >50% with a drawing efficiency ~72%; LIR 3.55; overall ironing reduction >70% with an ironing efficiency ~68%, which were achieved in the experimental works.

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confidence: 99%

12 mm Thick Circular Blanks of Al-killed AISI 1020 Steel -Applied for Cylindrical Cup Manufacturing by Multistage Deep Drawing with Simultaneous Ironing

et al. 2016

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“…Few hundred images were collected during the tests and later analyzed by a 2D digital image correlation (DIC) software named Ncorr. The entire pit base was imaged for macro-scale, whereas an area of ~ 500 x 500 µm 2 was imaged for the micro-scale by zooming in to the pit base. The software tracks the speckle pattern on the sample surface between the consecutive images and calculates the displacement and strains by using correlation algorithms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As they are mostly supplied in cold-rolled form, they have a characteristic γ fiber texture <111>//ND yielding in perpendicular anisotropy (i.e. high r values) [1,2]. The combination of these properties make the forming operations of these steels straightforward and engineers often neglect the microstructural effects when designing their forming processes and establishing the forming limits of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Localization Behavior of Cold-Rolled Deep-Drawing Steels

Efe

2019

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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With the purpose of defining optimal microstructure and texture for higher quality in deep-drawing operations of cold-rolled steels; this study monitors and analyses the micro-and macro-scale deformation behavior of DC04 grade cold-rolled steel sheets under uniaxial tension and biaxial stretching. An in-plane biaxial test setup capable of observing and measuring the deformation is utilized for obtaining strain maps at the micro-and macro-scale. Strain maps at the micro-scale are then compared with texture and microstructure data obtained before and after the deformation. Results show strain localization to the interior of grains under both strain paths, as opposed to the common grain boundary localization observed in the literature. Remnants of the α fiber components in the initial γ fiber texture, especially grains with {100}<110> orientations, are the likely sources of the localizations as they allow deformation in the sheet thickness direction. While these localizations do not appear to be critical for macro-scale formability, their suppression should be helpful in preventing surface defects and local fracture. Total elimination of α fiber components from the initial texture is proposed as a way preventing micro-scale localizations.

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“…Unlike the case, in which recrystallization annealing produces a strong recrystallization texture after a very heavy cold deformation, there are several cases, in which nearly random textures are produced after only a small cold deformation. 14 The development of a recrystallization texture indicates the appearance of the preferred orientation, anisotropy of the mechanical properties and thus the increased earing sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of warm rolling and heat treatment in the alpha-gamma area of a three-layer strip on the appearance of ears during cup deep drawing

Beganović¹,

Hadžalić²,

Kesić³

2019

Mater. Tehnol.

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Eearing is the most common defect that may occur during cup deep drawing. A removal of excess material from drawn parts causes a wastage of the material. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize earing as much as possible. A negative effect of warm rolling and annealing in the alpha-gamma area on the earing in the case of an explosive-welded three-layer strip consisting of CuZn10 clad layers and the central DC04 steel layer is described in this article. Warm rolling of all samples started in the alpha-gamma area (850°C) of the steel layer. Some of them were reheated to the same temperature after each pass while others were not reheated after the last three passes. In both cases, ears appeared. The final annealing was carried out at temperatures between 700-930°C. Regardless of the thermomechanical history of the samples, the final annealing in the alpha-gamma area (750, 800 and 850)°C caused earing, even in the case of a sample exposed to a higher degree of cold deformation, including intermediate recrystalization annealing at 700°C, which, after the final annealing at 700°C, does not have the tendency to create ears. Because of this negative effect, annealing and prolonged warm rolling in the alpha-gamma area should be avoided.Nastajanje u{es je najbolj pogosta napaka, ki se pojavlja med globokim vlekom skodelic. Odstranjevanje odve~nega materiala z globoko vle~enih delov predstavlja odpadni material. Zato je potrebno nastajanje u{es zmanj{ati na najmanj{o mo`no mero. Avtorji opisujejo negativen vpliv toplega valjanja in`arjenja v feritno-austenitnem podro~ju (alfa-gama) na nastanek u{es med medsebojnim eksplozivnim varjenjem treh slojev (plasti) sestavljenih iz dveh zunanjih plasti CuZn10 in sredinsko plastjo DC04 jekla. Toplo valjanje vseh vzorcev se je za~elo z valjanjem jekla v afa-gama podro~ju (850 o C). Nekaj vzorcev je bilo vsakokrat ponovno ogretih na dano temperaturo pred vsakim prehodom skozi valje, nekaj vzorcev pa niso ponovno ogrevali med zadnjimi tremi prehodi. V vseh primerih so se pojavljale valjarske napake (u{esa). Kon~no`arjenje so izvali pri temperaturah med 700 in 930 o C. Ne glede na termo-mehansko zgodovino vzorcev in kon~no`arjenje (pri 750 o C, 800 o C in 850 o C) so se vedno pojavljala u{esa, celo v primeru vzorcev z vi{jim dele`em hladne deformacije z vklju~enim vmesnim rekristalizacijskim`arjenjem pri 700 o C, ki po zaklju~nem`arjenju na 700 o C ni kazalo tendence pojava u{es. Zaradi tega negativnega efekta`arjenja se je potrebno izogibati dolgotrajnega toplega valjanja v alfa-gama podro~ju.

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Physical Metallurgy and Drawability of Extra Deep Drawing and Interstitial Free Steels

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

12 mm Thick Circular Blanks of Al-killed AISI 1020 Steel -Applied for Cylindrical Cup Manufacturing by Multistage Deep Drawing with Simultaneous Ironing

12 mm Thick Circular Blanks of Al-killed AISI 1020 Steel -Applied for Cylindrical Cup Manufacturing by Multistage Deep Drawing with Simultaneous Ironing

Strain Localization Behavior of Cold-Rolled Deep-Drawing Steels

Influence of warm rolling and heat treatment in the alpha-gamma area of a three-layer strip on the appearance of ears during cup deep drawing

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