Physical Metallurgy

Gschneidner, K. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-355850-3.50010-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This finding clearly indicated that the overlayer of BaF 2 did not help to reduce the work function of scandium oxide, even if the diffusions of Ba and F were present. On the other hand, the φ values close to the ones previously reported for mixed BaO-Sc 2 O 3 systems (1.5 ÷ 1.7 eV) [15] were not obtained. It means that in our case, the multilayer approach was not useful, and a study of film deposition from prepared mixed powders should be performed to investigate a possible reduction in φ down to the values below 2.7 eV.…”

Section: Ultra-violet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Ups)contrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Scandium is the first transition metal of the periodic table, and, at the same time, it is classified as the lightest element of the rare earth group. Despite scandium being a light element, it is characterized by a relatively high melting point and good mechanical properties [15]. In literature, there can be found two values of the Sc 2 O 3 work function, which are calculated from thermionic emission measurements and dependent on the temperature range: (1) ϕ = 4.23 eV at T = 1300 ÷ 1700 K; and (2) ϕ = 3.66 eV at T = 1700 ÷ 2000 K [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite scandium being a light element, it is characterized by a relatively high melting point and good mechanical properties [15]. In literature, there can be found two values of the Sc 2 O 3 work function, which are calculated from thermionic emission measurements and dependent on the temperature range: (1) ϕ = 4.23 eV at T = 1300 ÷ 1700 K; and (2) ϕ = 3.66 eV at T = 1700 ÷ 2000 K [15]. It is interesting to observe that for a very thin film (~3 nm) of Sc 2 O 3 deposited on tungsten, it was measured at a value of ~1.66 eV and further reduced to ~1.50 eV after the addition of BaO, forming the complex Ba-Sc-O [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Technique Approach for Work Function Exploration of Sc2O3 Thin Films

et al. 2023

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Thin films based on scandium oxide (Sc2O3) were deposited on silicon substrates to investigate the thickness effect on the reduction of work function. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray reflectivity (EDXR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements were performed on the films deposited by electron-beam evaporation with different nominal thicknesses (in the range of 2–50 nm) and in multi-layered mixed structures with barium fluoride (BaF2) films. The obtained results indicate that non-continuous films are required to minimize the work function (down to 2.7 eV at room temperature), thanks to the formation of surface dipole effects between crystalline islands and substrates, even if the stoichiometry is far from the ideal one (Sc/O = 0.38). Finally, the presence of BaF2 in multi-layered films is not beneficial for a further reduction in the work function.

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Section: Ultra-violet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Ups)contrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Technique Approach for Work Function Exploration of Sc2O3 Thin Films

et al. 2023

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“…The relationship between wear rate and spray distance is shown in fig. (10) .it is obvious from the figure that the wear rate decrease with increasing of spray distance up to12 cm, then it begins to increase with increase in spray distance.…”

Section: Effect Of Spray Distancementioning

confidence: 84%

“…On the base of this theory, the wear rate began to increase when the spray distance is beyond about 15 cm as shown in Fig. (10).…”

Section: Effect Of Spray Distancementioning

confidence: 89%

Optimizing the Process of Arc-Spraying To Improve Wear Resistance of Crank Shaft

Ali Hussein,

F. Hauier

2011

ETJ

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This research studies the factors effecting on coating produced by electrical arcspraying. The studied variables are applied voltage, wire feed rate and spraying distance.In this investigation used wires made from martinsitic stainless steel to coat the bearing of spherical graphite cast iron. range. The mechanical properties of coating such as hardness are used.Limited optimal environments by electric arc spraying to improve wear rate resistance of crank shaft.In the first stage all samples and metallizing wires were prepared and chemically analyzed. The coating operation was carried in the second stage. Each group of samples was coated in different way with variable spraying factor being considered. In the third stage all samples were tested using pin on ring wear testing machine. The investigation performed in this work showed that the process variable have a considerable effect on coating quality ,and spraying distance range emerges as the most significant process variables. The final results showed that the best voltage in this application is between 28-30V, wire feed rate is 100 mm/s, and best spraying distance is about 12-15cm to get a good coating with maximum wear resistance.

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