Physical Mapping of rRNA Gene Loci and Inter-specific Relationships in Wild Lilium Distributed in Korea

Abstract

Molecular cytogenetic analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were carried out to elucidate inter-specific relationships among wild Lilium species distributed in Korea. FISH revealed four to eight 45S rRNA gene loci, which are located on chromosomes 1-7, 10, and 11 among the different species. In contrast, the 5S rRNA gene locus was conserved on the long arm of chromosome 3, occasionally with two adjacent sites on the same chromosome arm in a few species. The 5S rDNA site was located adjacent to the 45S rDNA site in only three species, Lilium distichum, Lilium hansonii, and Lilium tsingtauense. GISH analysis using genomic DNA probes detected strong hybridization of genomes between diploid and triploid Lilium lancifolium species, demonstrating that triploid plants were derived from diploid L. lancifolium and not from Lilium maximowiczii. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and NTS sequences supported the cytogenetic data as well as Comber's classification of the genus Lilium.

Major Lineages of the Genus Lilium (Liliaceae) Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences, with Special Emphasis on the Korean Species

“…Morphologically, L. distichum and L. tsingtauense are more closely related to each other than either one is to L. hansonii. This close relationship between L. distichum and L. tsingtauense is corroborated by RAPD data (Lee et al 1993) and physical mapping of rRNA loci (Sultana et al 2010). …”

“…This group also includes the second lineage of Leucolirion (6b of Nishikawa et al 1999 Lee et al 1993;Sultana et al 2010). We found only one ribotype based on four individuals in our collections (Table 1 and Fig.…”

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lilium tsingtauense Gilg (sect. Martagon, Liliaceae)

“…The Lilium is one of the largest genera in Liliaceae, comprising approximately 110 species distributed in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere (Govaerts 2015). There have been many studies on its classification (Baker 1874;Wilson 1925;Comber 1949;Lee & Kim 1993;Dubouzet & Shinoda 1999;Hayashi & Kawano 2000;Sultana et al 2010;Gao et al 2013;Kim et al 2015). However, only four records of Lilium's complete cpDNA sequences were recorded in NCBI Organelle Genome Resources (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/ browse/?report ¼5).…”

Aneuploids without Bulbils Segregated in F₁ Hybrids Derived from Triploid <i>Lilium lancifolium</i> and Diploid <i>L. leichtlinii</i> Crosses

“…On the basis of classical cytogenetic (karyotype) analyses, Noda (1966Noda ( , 1986 hypothesized that the triploid form is an allotriploid consisting of the L. lanciforium and L. leichtlinii genomes. However, recent studies using genomic in situ hybridization and the allele compositions of molecular markers indicate that the triploid form is an autotriploid originating from the diploid form (Chung et al, 2015;Sultana et al, 2010). Lilium lancifolium develops many bulbils (aerial bulbs) on the leaf axils of stems, and the detached bulbils germinate and grow into mature plants; the triploid form propagates asexually mainly via the bulbils.…”