Physical Mapping of Immune Genes in the Tammar Wallaby &lt;i&gt;(Macropus eugenii)&lt;/i&gt;

Sanderson, Claire; Belov, Katherine; Deakin, Janine E.

doi:10.1159/000260372

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Only one TRG locus exists in the opossum, comprising a single constant gene, arranged in a translocon organization with V and J regions adjacent to one another [67]. Both scaffolds reside on chromosome 3p [74] but it remains to be determined whether the two wallaby TRGC genes localize to the same locus, like in human and mouse, or to different loci, as in ruminants. TRMC is also expressed at comparable levels between the two thymuses [66].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis supports similar functional roles for the two thymuses of the tammar wallaby

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe thymus plays a critical role in the development and maturation of T-cells. Humans have a single thoracic thymus and presence of a second thymus is considered an anomaly. However, many vertebrates have multiple thymuses. The tammar wallaby has two thymuses: a thoracic thymus (typically found in all mammals) and a dominant cervical thymus. Researchers have known about the presence of the two wallaby thymuses since the 1800s, but no genome-wide research has been carried out into possible functional differences between the two thymic tissues. Here, we used pyrosequencing to compare the transcriptomes of a cervical and thoracic thymus from a single 178 day old tammar wallaby.ResultsWe show that both the tammar thoracic and the cervical thymuses displayed gene expression profiles consistent with roles in T-cell development. Both thymuses expressed genes that mediate distinct phases of T-cells differentiation, including the initial commitment of blood stem cells to the T-lineage, the generation of T-cell receptor diversity and development of thymic epithelial cells. Crucial immune genes, such as chemokines were also present. Comparable patterns of expression of non-coding RNAs were seen. 67 genes differentially expressed between the two thymuses were detected, and the possible significance of these results are discussed.ConclusionThis is the first study comparing the transcriptomes of two thymuses from a single individual. Our finding supports that both thymuses are functionally equivalent and drive T-cell development. These results are an important first step in the understanding of the genetic processes that govern marsupial immunity, and also allow us to begin to trace the evolution of the mammalian immune system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis supports similar functional roles for the two thymuses of the tammar wallaby

et al. 2011

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“…S2a). Indeed, studies using FISH probes in Monodelphis domestica [31] and in wallaby [32] have localized the IGLλ at a subtelomeric region, which is associated with accelerated evolution in genome landscapes based on the Monodelphis domestica gene order, while IGH is situated at an interstitial region of chromosome 1 (Fig. 4a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional effect on the molecular clock rate of protein evolution in Eutherian and Metatherian genomes

et al. 2021

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Background Different types of proteins diverge at vastly different rates. Moreover, the same type of protein has been observed to evolve with different rates in different phylogenetic lineages. In the present study we measured the rates of protein evolution in Eutheria (placental mammals) and Metatheria (marsupials) on a genome-wide basis and we propose that the gene position in the genome landscape has an important influence on the rate of protein divergence. Results We analyzed a protein-encoding gene set (n = 15,727) common to 16 mammals (12 Eutheria and 4 Metatheria). Using sliding windows that averaged regional effects of protein divergence we constructed landscapes in which strong and lineage-specific regional effects were seen on the molecular clock rate of protein divergence. Within each lineage, the relatively high rates were preferentially found in subtelomeric chromosomal regions. Such regions were observed to contain important and well-studied loci for fetal growth, uterine function and the generation of diversity in the adaptive repertoire of immunoglobulins. Conclusions A genome landscape approach visualizes lineage-specific regional differences between Eutherian and Metatherian rates of protein evolution. This phenomenon of chromosomal position is a new element that explains at least part of the lineage-specific effects and differences between proteins on the molecular clock rates.

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“…Echidna and Platypus SOX 3 Mapping (Wallis et al, 2007b) Opossum (M.domestica) Immunoglobulins Mapping (Deakin et al, 2006a) Opossum (M.domestica) T cell receptors Mapping (Deakin et al, 2006b) Platypus DMRT cluster Sequencing (El-Mogharbel et al, 2007) Platypus Defensins Mapping (Whittington et al, 2008) Platypus SOX9 and SOX10 Mapping (Wallis et al, 2007a) Platypus Sex determination pathway genes Mapping (Grafodatskaya et al, 2007) Dunnart LYL1 Sequencing (Chapman et al, 2003) Tammar wallaby Prion protein gene Sequencing (Premzl et al, 2005) Tammar wallaby Immunologulins & T cell receptors Mapping (Sanderson et al, 2009) Tammar wallaby Mucins & Lysozyme Mapping (Edwards et al, 2011) Tammar wallaby SLC16A2 Sequencing (Koina et al, 2005) Tammar wallaby BRCA1 Mapping (Wakefield & Alsop, 2006) Tammar wallaby Cone visual pigments Sequencing (Wakefield et al, 2008) Table 3. Studies in marsupial and monotreme comparative genomics that relied on BAC clones.…”

Section: Genes or Region Purpose Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes

2011

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Physical Mapping of Immune Genes in the Tammar Wallaby <i>(Macropus eugenii)</i>

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Transcriptomic analysis supports similar functional roles for the two thymuses of the tammar wallaby

Transcriptomic analysis supports similar functional roles for the two thymuses of the tammar wallaby

Regional effect on the molecular clock rate of protein evolution in Eutherian and Metatherian genomes

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes

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