Physical Limitations of Phased Array Antennas

Ludvig-Osipov, Andrei; Hannula, Jari-Matti; Naccachian, Patricia; Jonsson, B. L. G.

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3069485

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However as mentioned in [29], this approach can be used for h < 0.02λ only. [30] reports that when a rectangular plate is placed over a ground plane, as the height of the plate is varied from 0.125λ to 0.25λ there is a reduction of Q factor by a factor of 2. In the proposed design, the height of the antenna is fixed at 0.1λ making it an electrically compact design, and at the same time the antenna is wideband in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Band Directional Cavity Antenna With Low Scanning Loss for Wlan

Swapna¹,

Karthikeya²,

Koul³

et al. 2022

PIER C

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In this paper, a wide-band cavity antenna with low scanning loss for 20% antenna bandwidth as well as having a wide 20% 1-dB gain bandwidth over the antenna beam scanning angle is proposed. The antenna operates in the 5 GHz band of IEEE 802.11 ac wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. A beam scanning of 20 • is demonstrated by varying the height of a slider within the antenna cavity. The broadside peak gain of 9.6 dBi is maintained for 20% of the antenna bandwidth with a gain reduction of only 0.3 dB throughout its operating frequency range. Besides, the scanning loss suffered by the antenna when scanning from the broadside to the maximum scanned angle is only 0.8 dB. The proposed scan performance is verified for a single element antenna and a two-element antenna array.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Band Directional Cavity Antenna With Low Scanning Loss for Wlan

Swapna¹,

Karthikeya²,

Koul³

et al. 2022

PIER C

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“…A well-designed broadside phased array can be extended to include a scan coverage of ±30 • while preserving its broadside bandwidth properties [5]. The corresponding scanloss is normally in the order of 1-2 dB and depends on their embedded radiation pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Scan, Active K-band, Direct-Integrated Phased Array for Efficient High-Power Tx-Generation

Emadeddin¹,

Jonsson²

2022

Preprint

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<p>In this paper, we propose a new wide-scan active direct integrated phased array antenna (AIPAA) for mm-Wave applications. The AIPAA’s unit-cell comprises three K-band miniaturized taper slot elements, a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as a power amplifier (PA), a stabilizer, an input matching network, and biasing components. The tapered slot antenna element is reshaped so that its input impedance closely matches the optimal load impedance of the HEMT (Zopt=6+j38 Ω@22 GHz), which enhances the system efficiency. The peak AIPAA’s Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) is ≥ 56% with ≤ 9% variation over scan coverage (±50⁰) at 1.5dB power backoff from P1dB. The relative frequency bandwidth with PAE above 25% is between 9%-13% over the scan range. The proposed AIPAA demonstrates less than 0.9dB and 1dB scanloss over the scan coverage in terms of antenna array gain and PAs’ power gain (Gp), respectively. The peak PA-integrated array gain and EIRP @P1dB of 24dBi and 51dBm are achieved, respectively. The proposed AIPAA is 18 × 58 × 17 mm3 with a cell size of 9.2 × 6.5 × 1.8 mm3 (0:67 × 0:5 × 0:13 λ3). The measurements are in good agreement with electromagnetic and circuit co-simulation results.</p>

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“…Mostly, phased array antenna (PAA) is proposed for beam steering applications. Though multiple antenna elements, phase shifters (with inherent losses) and composite signal processing units makes the PAA's bulky, lossy, and expensive 8 . Microstrip Yagi antennas are also suggested in the literature but limited to discrete and 1‐D scanning with significantly large footprint area 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though multiple antenna elements, phase shifters (with inherent losses) and composite signal processing units makes the PAA's bulky, lossy, and expensive. 8 Microstrip Yagi antennas are also suggested in the literature but limited to discrete and 1-D scanning with significantly large footprint area. 9,10 Multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) technique is also studied extensively in the last few years for beamforming applications in fixed or multiple frequency bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high gain reduced side‐lobe miniaturized frequency and pattern reconfigurable planar array operating in higher‐order mode

Pal

Gupta

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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In this work a low profile (<0.01λ0), single layered, high gain reduced sidelobe miniaturized microstrip planar array operating at higher-order broadside mode (HOM) with frequency tuning and 2-D beam scanning ability is proposed. The gain is enhanced significantly by array configuration using elements operating at TM03 mode. A rectangular slot is etched in the middle of the patch to reduce the side-lobe level (SLL) below À15 dB in both principal planes. λ/2 parabolic shaped current linkages are connected between the outer λ/2 patch strips supporting TM03 mode to reduce the non-resonant length from 1.5λ to 1.167λ; hence minimizes the patch area by 22%. A 2 Â 2 miniaturized planar array is designed at 2.45GHz using these elements; hence reducing the array footprint. Frequency tuning mechanism is incorporated by placing varactor diodes on the radiating edges of the array elements. Also 360 beam switching at azimuth plane and ± 40 (including 3 dB beam width) at elevation plane is achieved by suitably detuning the varactor capacitances. The simulated and measured results are found to be consistent throughout the 10% frequency tuning range. Maximum 17.1 dBi realized gain is measured which remains consistent within 2 dBi variation for entire frequency tuning and beam scanning range.

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Physical Limitations of Phased Array Antennas

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Wide-Band Directional Cavity Antenna With Low Scanning Loss for Wlan

Wide-Band Directional Cavity Antenna With Low Scanning Loss for Wlan

Wide Scan, Active K-band, Direct-Integrated Phased Array for Efficient High-Power Tx-Generation

A high gain reduced side‐lobe miniaturized frequency and pattern reconfigurable planar array operating in higher‐order mode

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