Physical-Layer Abstraction for Hybrid GNSS and 5G Positioning Evaluations

The proliferation of fifth-generation (5G) networks has opened up new opportunities for the deployment of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) systems. However, the large-scale implementation of 5G-based C-V2X poses critical challenges requiring thorough investigation and resolution for successful deployment. This paper aims to identify and analyze the key challenges associated with the large-scale deployment of 5G-based C-V2X systems. In addition, we address obstacles and possible contradictions in the C-V2X standards caused by the special requirements. Moreover, we have introduced some quite influential C-V2X projects, which have influenced the widespread adoption of C-V2X technology in recent years. As the primary goal, this survey aims to provide valuable insights and summarize the current state of the field for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the advancement of C-V2X. Furthermore, this paper presents relevant standardization aspects and visions for advanced 5G and 6G approaches to address some of the upcoming issues in mid-term timelines.

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“…A cellular information-based approach is presented in [ 44 ], with a physical-layer abstraction-based simulation methodology.…”

Section: 5g Technology Enablers For V2x Use Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Deployments Based on 5G—Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Vision towards 6G: A Survey

Ficzere

Varga

Wippelhauser

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The ranging errors are computed for specific propagation conditions, channel models, system bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and time-delay estimator. The LoS conditions are computed according to the distance between receiver and Base Station (BS) and a random probability variable drawn from a uniform distribution between 0 and 1 following the physical-layer abstraction of 5G observables proposed in [ 16 ]. The channel models are based on the ones provided in [ 17 ].…”

Section: Signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 5G Positioning Performance Based on UTDoA, AoA and Base-Station Selective Exclusion

Xhafa

Peral-Rosado

López-Salcedo

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Accurate and reliable positioning solution is an important requirement for many applications, for instance, emergency services and vehicular-related use cases. Positioning using cellular signals has emerged as a promising solution in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) challenging environments, such as deep urban canyons. However, harsh working conditions of urban scenarios, such as with dense multipath and Non-Line of Sight (NLoS), remain as one of the key factors causing the detriment of the positioning estimation accuracy. This paper demonstrates that the use of joint Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (UTDoA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA) gives a significant improvement in the position accuracy thanks to the use of antenna arrays. The new advances of this technology enable more accurate user locations by exploiting angular domains of propagation channel in combination with time measurements. Moreover, it is shown that a better localization is achieved by combining the joined UTDoA and AoA with a base-station selective exclusion method that is able to detect and eliminate measurements affected by NLoS. The proposed approach has been tested through simulations based on a deep urban deployment map, which comes with an experimental data file of the user’s position. A sounding reference signal of 5G new radio operating in the centimeter-wave band is used. The obtained results add value to the use of advance antennas in 5G positioning. In addition, they contribute towards the fulfillment of high-accuracy positioning requirements in challenging environments when using cellular networks.

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“…The LOS conditions were determined based on the distance-dependent LOS probability as specified in TR 38.855 [58] while the SNR of each observable was computed with a 3GPP-like link budget [59]. Then the cellular ranging observables were generated following a physical-layer abstraction [60] using as input the LOS conditions and the SNR level. Finally, a 50 ns synchronisation error was also considered to emulate a synchronised (but not perfectly) network of 4G base stations.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Testbed for GNSS-Based Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Smart Cities: The HANSEL Project

et al. 2020

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In urban contexts, the increasing density of electronic devices equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and complementary positioning technologies is attracting research and development efforts devoted to an improvement of the quality of life towards the smart city paradigm. Vehicular and pedestrian positioning and navigation capabilities are among the major drivers for innovation in this process. Ultra-low-cost electronics such as smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors aim at providing accurate and reliable positioning solutions through a set of promising solutions. Among these, snapshot positioning allows to remotely perform the post-processing of GNSS signals in IoT sensor networks while Wi-Fi™ ranging and cooperative positioning provide auxiliary anchors of opportunity to enhance indoor/outdoor positioning capabilities. This paper presents an innovative platform to perform a centralised testing and assessment of such positioning and navigation technologies along with a set of results obtained in the context of the European project HANSEL, by relying on current network technologies and infrastructures (i.e., Wi-Fi™ and cellular connectivity).

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Physical-Layer Abstraction for Hybrid GNSS and 5G Positioning Evaluations

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Large-Scale Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Deployments Based on 5G—Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Vision towards 6G: A Survey

Large-Scale Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Deployments Based on 5G—Critical Challenges, Solutions, and Vision towards 6G: A Survey

Evaluation of 5G Positioning Performance Based on UTDoA, AoA and Base-Station Selective Exclusion

A Testbed for GNSS-Based Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Smart Cities: The HANSEL Project

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