Physical inactivity remains the greatest public health problem of the 21st century: evidence, improved methods and solutions using the ‘7 investments that work’ as a framework

Trost, Stewart G.; Blair, Steven N.; Khan, Karim M.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093372

Cited by 118 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Currently, there is strong evidence supporting that being physically active is related to lower risk of CVD and longer life expectancy. [34][35][36] This evidence applies not only to healthy individuals but also to patients with CVD, in whom exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, has shown to have multiple health benefits. 37 Closely related with PA, obesity and health is cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by maximal (or submaximal) exercise tests (typically on a treadmill or cycle-ergometer) and usually expressed in terms of maximal oxygen consumption (mL/kg per minute).…”

Section: Fat-but-fit Paradigm and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Ortega

Lavie

Blair

2016

Circulation Research

885

603

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T here is overall agreement in the scientific and clinical community that obesity is one of the major public health problems of this century. The first documented reports on obesity date from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.1-3 From these days to date, >57 000 articles have been published in PubMed including the term obesity in the title, with these figures being 3× larger when searching by obesity also in the abstract. Figure 1 graphically Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide over the past few decades. In 2013, the prevalence of obesity exceeded the 50% of the adult population in some countries from Oceania, North Africa, and Middle East. Lower but still alarmingly high prevalence was observed in North America (≈30%) and in Western Europe (≈20%). These figures are of serious concern because of the strong link between obesity and disease. In the present review, we summarize the current evidence on the relationship of obesity with cardiovascular disease (CVD), discussing how both the degree and the duration of obesity affect CVD. Although in the general population, obesity and, especially, severe obesity are consistently and strongly related with higher risk of CVD incidence and mortality, the one-sizefits-all approach should not be used with obesity. There are relevant factors largely affecting the CVD prognosis of obese individuals. In this context, we thoroughly discuss important concepts such as the fat-but-fit paradigm, the metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) phenotype and the obesity paradox in patients with CVD. About the MHO phenotype and its CVD prognosis, available data have provided mixed findings, what could be partially because of the adjustment or not for key confounders such as cardiorespiratory fitness, and to the lack of consensus on the MHO definition. In the present review, we propose a scientifically based harmonized definition of MHO, which will hopefully contribute to more comparable data in the future and a better understanding on the MHO subgroup and its CVD prognosis. (Circ Res.

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Section: Fat-but-fit Paradigm and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Ortega

Lavie

Blair

2016

Circulation Research

885

603

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“…1) It has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for death worldwide. Globally, physical inactivity is estimated to cause about 21% to 25% of breast and colon cancer, 27% of diabetes, and about 30% of ischemic heart disease; the burden of these and other chronic diseases has rapidly increased in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among Physical Activity Level, Health-promoting Behavior, and Physiological Variables in Korean University Students

et al. 2018

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Purpose: Many Korean college students suffer from physical inactivity and mental health problems. However, it has not been sufficiently reported how this lack of exercise and health-related behavior affect their health. The present study was performed to identify the relationships among physical activity level, health-promoting behavior, and physiological variables in Korean undergraduate and graduate students. Methods: Participants were 115 undergraduate and graduate students from one university in Seoul. The Pearson's correlation analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows. Results: Physical activity level had significant positive correlations with health-promoting behavior (r=.32, p=.001) and exercise self-efficacy (r=.25, p=.008), and health-promoting behavior had a significant correlation with depression (r=-.33, p<.001) and exercise self-efficacy (r=.44, p<.001). Additionally, physical activity level had significant correlations with triglyceride (r=-.20, p=.034) and vitamin D (r=.20, p=.029) levels. The high density cholesterol level had significant negative correlations with systolic blood pressure (r=-.33, p<.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=-.29, p=.002), and vitamin D (r=-.20, p=.035) levels. Conclusion: Physical activity level or health-promoting behavior had significant relationships with the health status of college students. Strategies need to be developed to improve health-promoting behaviors among college students.

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“…The positive influence of physical activity (PA) on cognitive performance as well as psychological and physiological wellbeing has been established in numerous studies and metaanalyses (e.g., Ahn & Fedewa, 2011;Pasco et al, 2011;Ploughman, 2008;Reed & Buck, 2009;Sibley & Etnier, 2003;Strong et al, 2005;Tomporowski, Davis, Miller, & Naglieri, 2008;Trost, Blair, & Khan, 2014). For a better understanding of these relations, it is important to investigate them in real-life settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Individual classification of elementary school children’s physical activity: A time-efficient, group-based approach to reference measurements

2016

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The objective measurement of physical activity using accelerometers is becoming increasingly popular. There is little consensus, however, about how to analyze acceleration data. One promising approach is the use of reference measurements in which the subjects conduct specific activities. This makes it possible to identify data patterns that indicate these activities for each subject. The drawback of this approach is its rather high cost, in terms of both time and money. We propose a new approach in which a group of children conduct the reference measurements at the same time. We trained support vector machine models on the accelerometer data of 70 children (ages 8-11 years) to predict their activities during those reference measurements. We correctly classified activities with an accuracy of 96.9 % when fitting the individual models for each subject, and 87.5 % when fitting general models for all subjects. The obtained accuracies were comparable to results reported in previous reference measurement studies, in which each subject was measured individually. They were higher than the accuracies obtained by the traditional approach, which transfers accelerometer data to counts and classifies those on the basis of predefined cut points. We concluded that our approach can yield a valuable contribution, particularly to studies with larger samples.

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Physical inactivity remains the greatest public health problem of the 21st century: evidence, improved methods and solutions using the ‘7 investments that work’ as a framework

Cited by 118 publications

References 24 publications

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Relationships among Physical Activity Level, Health-promoting Behavior, and Physiological Variables in Korean University Students

Individual classification of elementary school children’s physical activity: A time-efficient, group-based approach to reference measurements

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