Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and psychiatric comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Whitworth, James W.; Scioli, Erica R.; Keane, Terence M.; Marx, Brian P.

doi:10.1037/hea0001174

Health Psychology

2022

DOI: 10.1037/hea0001174

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Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and psychiatric comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

James W. Whitworth

Erica R. Scioli

Terence M. Keane

et al.

Abstract: Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with physical inactivity and cigarette smoking. However, little is known about the degree to which comorbid psychiatric conditions affect the odds of physical inactivity and smoking among individuals with PTSD. Objective: To examine associations between PTSD, comorbid psychiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, or hazardous alcohol/substance use), physical inactivity and smoking among military veterans. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis … Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

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Implications of Physical Activity in Reducing Alcohol Use for Women Veterans: A Narrative Review

Gil,

Schuman,

Chang

et al. 2024

Women's Health Reports

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Implications of Physical Activity in Reducing Alcohol Use for Women Veterans: A Narrative Review

Gil,

Schuman,

Chang

et al. 2024

Women's Health Reports

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Neuropathological Examination of Mice Chronically Exposed to Secondhand Smoke

Lopes,

Davenport,

Ramos Torres

et al. 2023

Military Medicine

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Introduction Around 21.6–35% of military personnel are smokers, while 12.26% of them have been regularly exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS). Second-hand smoke is considered an important risk factor for neurological diseases because it can induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disrupt DNA repair pathways. Material and Methods The brain of air (sham) or SHS exposed mice was cryoperserved, sectioned, and placed on a glass slide before immunoprobing them with antibodies to observe for oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoG), oxidative DNA repair (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, Ogg1; apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, Ape1), and inflammatory (glial fibrillary acidic protein) proteins. Results Nissl staining of the prefrontal cortex (PFCTX) revealed the presence of dark, shrunken cells, hippocampal thinning, and the presence of activated astrocytes in SHS exposed mice. 8-oxoG staining was also more prominent in the PFCTX and hippocampus (HIPP) of SHS exposed mice. Ogg1 staining was reduced in the PFCTX and CA3 hippocampal neurons of SHS exposed mice, whereas it was more prominent in CA1 and CA4 hippocampal neurons. In contrast, Ape1 staining was more prominent in the PFCTX and the HIPP of SHS exposed mice. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoG) was elevated and oxidative DNA repair (Ape1 and Ogg1) was altered in the brain of SHS exposed mice. In addition, activated astrocytes (i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein) were also observed in the brain of SHS exposed mice. Therefore, SHS induces both oxidative DNA damage and repair as well as inflammation as possible underlying mechanism(s) of the cognitive decline and metabolic changes that were observed in chronically exposed mice. A better understanding of how chronic exposure to SHS induces cognitive dysfunction among military personnel could help improve the combat readiness of U.S. soldiers as well as reduce the financial burden on the DOD and veterans’ families.

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Mechanisms through which exercise reduces symptom severity and/or functional impairment in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Protocol for a living systematic review of human and non-human studies

Wright,

Furukawa,

Macleod

et al. 2023

Wellcome Open Res

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Background Exercise can play an important role in reducing symptom severity and improving functional impairment in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the precise mechanisms underpinning the effect of exercise in PTSD management are not fully understood. This living systematic review aims to synthesize and triangulate the evidence from non-human and human studies to gain insight into the biopsychosocial mechanisms through which exercise reduces symptom severity and functional impairment. Methods Independent searches will be conducted in electronic databases to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers will independently conduct the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We will extract outcome data and variables that can act as effect modifiers or as mediators of the effect of exercise. For the non-human studies, outcome data will include the non-human equivalents of PTSD symptom clusters. For human studies, the primary outcome will be PTSD symptom severity. The secondary outcomes will be avoidance symptom severity, reexperiencing symptom severity, hyperarousal symptom severity, negative cognitions and mood severity, functional impairment, loss of PTSD diagnosis, and dropout rates. To explain the biopsychosocial mechanisms through which exercise affects the outcome of interest, we will extract effects that relate to the impact of exercise on potential mediating variables and the effect of the later outcomes. Comparison of within-study direct and indirect effects obtained from mediation analysis, when reported, will provide insight into the importance of the examined mediator. If appropriate, we will synthesize study results using meta-analyses. We will examine potential effect modifiers of the total exercise effect to understand better the impact of exercise on PTSD symptoms and function impairment (when possible). The evidence about the potential mediators of the association between exercise and PTSD-related outcomes will be considered in a consensus meeting when sufficient evidence is available. Protocol registration PROSPERO-ID: 453615

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Physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and psychiatric comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Implications of Physical Activity in Reducing Alcohol Use for Women Veterans: A Narrative Review

Implications of Physical Activity in Reducing Alcohol Use for Women Veterans: A Narrative Review

Neuropathological Examination of Mice Chronically Exposed to Secondhand Smoke

Mechanisms through which exercise reduces symptom severity and/or functional impairment in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Protocol for a living systematic review of human and non-human studies

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