Physical Health Problems After Single Trauma Exposure

D’Andrea, Wendy; Sharma, Ritu; Zelechoski, Amanda D.; Spinazzola, Joseph

doi:10.1177/1078390311425187

Cited by 95 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…43 Our finding that trauma exposure in women endorsing no PTSD symptoms was related to increased CVD risk is consistent with the notion that trauma exposure per se has negative health consequences, although additional risk factors are also likely at play. Furthermore, some researchers have suggested that trauma-exposed individuals who do not endorse any PTSD symptoms may engage in coping strategies (e.g., emotional suppression) that may generate physical distress and lead to negative physical health consequences, 44 and our findings are congruent with this account. Although the NHS II data do not permit a detailed examination of this hypothesis, this would be of interest for further study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women

et al. 2015

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Background Psychological stress is a proposed risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the sentinel stress-related mental disorder, occurs twice as frequently in women as men. However, whether PTSD contributes to CVD risk in women is not established. Methods and Results We examined trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in relation to incident CVD over a 20-year period in 49,978 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events confirmed by additional information or medical record review [n=548, including myocardial infarction (n=277) and stroke (n=271)]. Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and a PTSD screen. Compared to no trauma exposure, endorsing 4 or more PTSD symptoms was associated with increased CVD risk after adjusting for age, family history, and childhood factors (HR=1.60 [95% CI, 1.20–2.13]). Being trauma-exposed and endorsing no PTSD symptoms was associated with elevated CVD risk (HR=1.45 [95% CI, 1.15–1.83]), although being trauma-exposed and endorsing 1–3 PTSD symptoms was not. After adjusting for adult health behaviors and medical risk factors, this pattern of findings was maintained. Health behaviors and medical risk factors accounted for 14% of the trauma/no symptoms-CVD association and 47% of the trauma/4+ symptoms-CVD association. Conclusion Trauma exposure and elevated PTSD symptoms may increase risk of CVD in this population of women. These findings suggest screening for CVD risk and reducing health risk behaviors in trauma-exposed women may be promising avenues for prevention and intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women

et al. 2015

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“…Further, if the present is perceived negatively, the future expectations would be negative, or vice versa for positive evaluations. These findings are also supported by the process of therapeutic relationships and psychopathological symptoms, which are generally rooted in past or present traumatic life events (D'Andrea, Sharma, Zelechoski, & Spinazzola [15]; Anda et al [16]). This correlation is indicative of the aim of psychotherapies to encourage patients to accept or positively reconstruct (cognitively or emotionally) traumatic events from the past and the present.…”

Section: Discussion and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…14 Mevcut halimden memnunum. 15 Geçmişim beni üzüyor. 16 Geleceğim hakkındaki düşünceler beni üzüyor.…”

Section: Appendix Turkish Form Of the Time Attitude Scaleunclassified

Adolescent Time Attitude Scale: Adaptation into Turkish

Çelik¹,

Sahranç²,

Kaya³

et al. 2017

ujer

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This research is aimed at examining the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Time Attitude Scale. Data were collected from 433 adolescents; 206 males and 227 females participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis performed to discover the structural validity of the scale. The internal consistency method was used for reliability analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit to the data (X² = 724.42, DF = 390, RMSEA = .045, GFI = .90, CFI = .91, IFI = .91, NNFI = .90, and SRMR = .04). The internal consistency coefficients of six subscales were found to be .67 for past positive, .72 for past negative, .81 for present positive, .72 for present negative, .77 for future positive, and .63 for future negative. The result of the item analysis showed that corrected item-total correlations ranged from .29 to .67, and were statistically significant at the p<0.001 level. These results evidenced that the Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable instrument.

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“…This suggests that the accumulation of prior trauma exposure may exert a harmful impact on long-term physical health via mechanisms other than PTSS and encourages future investigation into such mechanisms. A number of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and interpersonal factors may be involved in facilitating the relationship between extent of trauma exposure and physical health outcomes 3,11 . For example, independent of an emotional response to trauma, coping resources may be depleted prior to subsequent trauma exposure, leaving the individual vulnerable to adverse physical health outcomes, even in the absence of any mental health problems 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A history of trauma may sensitize individuals to the harmful physical and psychological effects of subsequent traumas. Additional psychosocial, cognitive, and affective processes are also likely to influence the impact of trauma on health 3, 11 . Thus, a history of prior trauma is likely to exert both a direct and indirect effect on physical health outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of PTSD Symptoms as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Trauma History Characteristics and Physical Health Following a Motor Vehicle Accident

et al. 2012

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Background It has been suggested that a history of trauma exposure is associated with increased vulnerability to the physical health consequences of subsequent trauma exposure, and that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may serve as a key pathway in this vulnerability. However, few studies have modeled these relationships using mediation, and most have failed to consider whether specific characteristics of the prior trauma exposure have a differential impact on physical and mental health outcomes. Methods The present study examined 180 victims of a serious motor vehicle accident (MVA) who reported prior exposure to traumatic events. PTSS were assessed by clinical interview 6 weeks post-MVA, and physical health was assessed 6 months post-MVA. Using structural equation modeling, the present study examined the extent to which event (age at first trauma, number and types of trauma) and response (perceptions of life threat, physical injury and distress) characteristics of prior trauma were related to physical health outcomes following a serious MVA, and whether these relationships were mediated by PTSS. Results Results revealed that both event and response characteristics of prior trauma history were associated with poorer physical health, and that PTSS served as a mechanism through which response characteristics, but not event characteristics, led to poorer physical health. Conclusions These results highlight the enduring impact of trauma exposure on physical health outcomes, and underscore the importance of considering multiple mechanisms through which different aspects of prior trauma exposure may impact physical health.

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Physical Health Problems After Single Trauma Exposure

Cited by 95 publications

References 117 publications

Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women

Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women

Adolescent Time Attitude Scale: Adaptation into Turkish

An Examination of PTSD Symptoms as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Trauma History Characteristics and Physical Health Following a Motor Vehicle Accident

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