Physical Functioning in work and retirement: commentary on age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement —the role of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease by Stenholm<i>et al</i>

Iparraguirre, José Luis

doi:10.1136/jech-2014-203945

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…These data support others showing clear social and demographic influences on exercise habits (Evans and Kantrowitz 2002 ; Evans and Kim 2010 ; Menec et al 2010 ; Salas 2002 ). The progression towards physical disability and frailty increases after retirement (Iparraguirre 2014 ; Stenholm et al 2014b ) and evidence from the United States and Europe suggests that poverty (Wahrendorf et al 2013 ) and underlying disease increase the risk of physical disability in a dose–response manner (Stenholm et al 2014a ). People from more affluent backgrounds are almost three times more likely to be healthy in older age (Hamer et al 2014 ) compared with those from poorer communities and a strong relationship exists between socio-economic position and health in older age (physical, psychological and overall frailty) (Banks et al 2006 ; Marmot et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Social Demographic and Psychological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty

et al. 2016

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Regular physical activity helps to improve physical and mental functions as well as reverse some effects of chronic disease to keep older people mobile and independent. Despite the highly publicised benefits of physical activity, the overwhelming majority of older people in the United Kingdom do not meet the minimum physical activity levels needed to maintain health. The sedentary lifestyles that predominate in older age results in premature onset of ill health, disease and frailty. Local authorities have a responsibility to promote physical activity amongst older people, but knowing how to stimulate regular activity at the population-level is challenging. The physiological rationale for physical activity, risks of adverse events, societal and psychological factors are discussed with a view to inform public health initiatives for the relatively healthy older person as well as those with physical frailty. The evidence shows that regular physical activity is safe for healthy and for frail older people and the risks of developing major cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, obesity, falls, cognitive impairments, osteoporosis and muscular weakness are decreased by regularly completing activities ranging from low intensity walking through to more vigorous sports and resistance exercises. Yet, participation in physical activities remains low amongst older adults, particularly those living in less affluent areas. Older people may be encouraged to increase their activities if influenced by clinicians, family or friends, keeping costs low and enjoyment high, facilitating group-based activities and raising self-efficacy for exercise.

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Section: Social Demographic and Psychological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty

et al. 2016

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“…By focusing on Mexico, we remedy data constraints in the extant literature focusing on high-income countries which are characterised by a restricted range of years of education. Extant literature is not only limited to high-income countries, but also fragmented, with one group of studies focusing on the relationship between education and health ( Mäki et al ., 2014 ) and another group of studies concentrating on the health effects of retirement ( Fisher et al ., 2016 ); the latter often ignoring the socio-economic differences in the association between retirement and health or only considering the moderating role of occupation, not education ( Iparraguirre, 2014 ). As literature directly testing the moderation effect of education on the association between retirement timing and health is virtually missing, we reviewed literature on the lifecourse health effects of education, health effects of retirement timing and specific studies on occupational variations in the health effects of retirement timing to inform the hypotheses of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

et al. 2019

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The literature on socio-economic variations in the association between retirement timing and health is inconclusive and largely limited to the moderating role of occupation. By selecting the sample case of Mexico where a sizeable number of older adults have no or very little formal education, this study allows the moderating role of education to be tested properly. Drawing on panel data for 2,430 individuals age 50 and over from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and combining propensity score matching models with fixed-effects regressions, this article investigates differences in the health effects of retirement timing between older adults with varying years of education. Subjective health is measured using a self-reported assessment of respondents’ overall health and physical health as a reverse count of doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases. The results indicate that early transitions into retirement are associated with worse health outcomes, but education fully compensates for the detrimental association with subjective and physical health, while adjusting for baseline health, demographics and socio-economic characteristics. In conclusion, formal education during childhood and adolescence is associated with a long-term protective effect on health. It attenuates negative health consequences of early retirement transitions. Policies and programmes promoting healthy and active ageing would benefit from considering the influence of formal education in shaping older adults’ health after the transition into retirement.

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“…Finally, the literature that focuses on the relation between stressful life events and changes in alcohol consumption in old age distinguishes between events with short-term effects and those with long-term implications. 71 In order to discern between short-term and long-term effects of life events, we would need data that covered longer than 2 years as in this paper; furthermore, we would also need data from years before the events took place to account for simultaneous causality and unobserved individual endogeneity; 72 hence, we are not going to investigate whether this distinction holds for our sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic determinants of risk of harmful alcohol drinking among people aged 50 or over in England

Iparraguirre

2015

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesThis paper looks into the socioeconomic determinants of risk of harmful alcohol drinking and of the transitions between risk categories over time among the population aged 50 or over in England.SettingCommunity-dwellers across England.ParticipantsRespondents to the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing, waves 4 and 5.Results(Confidence level at 95% or higher, except when stated):▸ Higher risk drinking falls with age and there is a non-linear association between age and risk for men, peaking in their mid-60s.▸ Retirement and income are positively associated with a higher risk for women but not for men.▸ Education and smoking are positively associated for both sexes.▸ Loneliness and depression are not associated.▸ Caring responsibilities reduce risk among women.▸ Single, separated or divorced men show a greater risk of harmful drinking (at 10% confidence level).▸ For women, being younger and having a higher income at baseline increase the probability of becoming a higher risk alcohol drinker over time.▸ For men, not eating healthily, being younger and having a higher income increase the probability of becoming a higher risk alcohol drinker. Furthermore, the presence of children living in the household, being lonely, being older and having a lower income are associated with ceasing to be a higher risk alcohol drinker over time.ConclusionsSeveral socioeconomic factors found to be associated with high-risk alcohol consumption behaviour among older people would align with those promoted by the ‘successful ageing’ policy framework.

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Physical Functioning in work and retirement: commentary on age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement —the role of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease by Stenholmet al

Abstract: Though not fully exchangeable, the literature refers to social networks, social connectedness or social capital.Iparraguirre J.

Cited by 11 publications

References 94 publications

Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty

Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty

Healthy retirement begins at school: educational differences in the health outcomes of early transitions into retirement

Socioeconomic determinants of risk of harmful alcohol drinking among people aged 50 or over in England

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