Physical exercise modulates the level of serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with breast cancer

Abstract

Abstract. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit an important function in extracellular matrix degradation. MMPs modulate the activation of growth factors, cytokines and metastasis. At present, the effect of exercise on serum levels of MMP-2 and -9 remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of various physical activities on the circulating levels of MMP-2 and -9 in breast cancer (BC) survivors and healthy subjects. A total of 66 female subjects were enrolled in the present study. The cohort included 46 BC survivors and 20 healthy subjects divided into 5 groups: Group A (17 BC survivors, participating in recreational dragon boat paddling), group B (14 BC survivors, participating in recreational physical activity), group C (15 sedentary BC survivors), group D (10 healthy subjects, participating in recreational physical activity) and group E (10 sedentary healthy subjects). ELISA assays revealed a significant increase in the level of circulating MMP-2 in group B compared with all other groups. Recreational physical activity increased the levels of MMP-9 in healthy subjects (group D vs. E), however, the differences were not statistically significant, while in the BC survivor groups the results were opposite, with exercise reducing MMP-9 levels (group B vs. C). Furthermore, a significant increase in MMP-2 was observed in group B lymph node metastasis-positive (N+) subjects compared with group A and C N+ subjects. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that various physical activities modulate the levels of circulating MMP-2 and -9 in BC survivors, and the same exercise program induces a different effect when undertaken by healthy subjects and BC survivors. These results may have important implications with regard to the selection of appropriate physical activities for BC survivors, leading to improvements to their survival and prevention of recurrence, as well as amelioration of physical function, quality of life and fatigue.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Matrix Metalloproteinases in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy

“…The change in MMP-9 reported here is similar to previous exercise studies in non-cancer 17 and cancer populations 18 (the latter was an observational study). Kadoglou et al (2010) reported a significant within-group decrease in serum MMP-9 after a 16-week supervised endurance training program (30-60 min of brisk walking; 4 days/ week) in patients with type 2 diabetes 17 .…”

“…MMP-2 and -9 are reduced with exercise interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes 17 and breast cancer 18 ; other MMPs such as MMP-1, -7, -9, TIMP-1 and -2, have not been determined whether exercise improves the level of MMPs in clinical populations such as type 2 diabetes. While there is evidence showing that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training may decrease MMP-2 and -9 levels in clinical research settings 17,18 , the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on MMP levels have not been investigated in any population. HIIT is an exercise strategy that maximizes exercise intensity by using bursts of concentrated effort alternated with recovery periods 19 .…”

Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), is overexpressed in glioma and associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients

“…The proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases, are, therefore, considered as a key factor in this process 31,32. Moreover, protease inhibitors are generally expected to have an antimalignant role 33.…”

The impact of oleanolic and ursolic acid on corneal epithelial cells in vitro

“…Specifically, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are gelatinases that degrade type IV collagen, the major structural component of the ECM [4]. These proteases were found to take part in many ocular disorders like retinopathy [5], cataract [6], uveitis [7], or generally atopic ocular diseases [8].…”