Physical Exercise As Stabilizer For Alzheimer'S Disease Cognitive Decline: Current Status

Machado, Sérgio; Filho, Alberto Souza de Sá; Wilbert, Matheus; Barbieri, Gabriela; Almeida, Victor Danilo; Gurgel, Alexandre; Rosa, Charles V.; Lins, Victor; Paixão, Alexandre; Santana, Kamila; Ramos, Gabriel; Neto, Geraldo Maranhão; Paes, Flávia; Rocha, Nuno; Murillo-Rodrı́guez, Eric

doi:10.2174/1745017901713010181

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A previous meta-analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials ( n = 2049) showed that aerobic exercisers exerted positive effects on executive function [32]. Sergio Machado et al [33] suggested that physical exercise was an important neuroprotective modulator, controlling the disease and amplifying brain functions in a significant way. The findings of a review [34] confirmed that in most cases physical activities had a positive effect on the improvement of cognitive decline in AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis

2019

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Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the most common cause of dementia, brings huge economic burden for patients and social health care systems, which motivates researchers to study multiple protective factors, among which physical activity and exercise have been proven to be both effective and economically feasible. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for eligible studies published up to November 1st 2018 on three international databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) and two Chinese databases (Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure). All analyses were conducted using Stata 14.0. Due to heterogeneity between studies, a random-effects model was used for this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was used to explore if physical activity and exercise can exert positive effects on cognition of elderly with AD and subgroup analyses were conducted to find out if there are dose-response effects. Results A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included with a sample size of 673 subjects diagnosed with AD. Intervention groups showed a statistically significant improvement in cognition of included subjects measured by the MMSE score (SMD = 1.12 CI:0.66~1.59) compared to the control groups. Subgroup analyses showed different amounts of physical activity and exercise can generate different effects. Conclusions As one of few meta-analyses comparing different quantities of physical activity and exercise interventions for AD in details, our study suggests that physical activity and exercise can improve cognition of older adults with AD. While the concomitant effects on cognition functions of high frequency interventions was not greater than that of low frequency interventions, the threshold remains to be settled. However, more RCTs with rigorous study design are needed to support our findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1175-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis

2019

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“…The benefits of extensive exercise have exceeded previous expectations, including primary prevention, active part of the treatment, improvement of life quality, and prognosis under chronic or incurable diseases, and prevention of complications and recurrence, of a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular (1,2), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1), dyslipidemia, cancers (3)(4)(5)(6), cognitive function (7), and all quality of life domains (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

Cadegiani

Kater

2019

Front. Endocrinol.

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Objectives: The Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study identified multiple hormonal and metabolic conditioning processes in athletes, and underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of overtraining syndrome (OTS). The present study's objective was to reveal independent predictors and linear correlations among the parameters evaluated in the EROS study to predict clinical, metabolic, and biochemical behaviors in healthy and OTS-affected male athletes. Methods: We used multivariate linear regression and linear correlation to analyze possible combinations of the 38 parameters evaluated in the EROS study that revealed significant differences between healthy and OTS-affected athletes. Results: The testosterone-to-estradiol (T:E) ratio predicted the measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio; the T:E ratio and total testosterone level were inversely predicted by fat mass and estradiol was not predicted by any of the non-modifiable parameters. Early and late growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) were strongly correlated. Hormonal responses to the ITT were positively correlated with fat oxidation, predicted-to-measured BMR ratio, muscle mass, and vigor, and inversely correlated with fat mass and fatigue. Salivary cortisol 30 min after awakening and the T:E ratio were inversely correlated with fatigue. Tension was inversely correlated with libido and directly correlated with body fat. The predicted-to-measured BMR ratio was correlated with muscle mass and body water, while fat oxidation was directly correlated with muscle mass and inversely correlated with fat mass. Muscle mass was directly correlated with body water, and extracellular water was directly correlated with body fat and inversely correlated with body water and muscle mass. Conclusions: Hypothalamic-pituitary responses to stimulation were diffuse and indistinguishable between the different axes. A late hormonal response to stimulation, increased cortisol after awakening, and the T:E ratio were correlated with vigor and Cadegiani and Kater The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study fatigue. The T:E ratio was also correlated with body metabolism and composition, testosterone was predicted by fat mass, and estradiol predicted anger. Hydration status was inversely correlated with edema, and inter-correlations were found among fat oxidation, hydration, and body fat.

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“…It has also been linked to unexpected outcomes, such as reduction of the incidence, recurrence and mortality [5] of some types of cancer. Moreover, physical activity also leads to improvement of all domains of life quality [6] and reduction of the incidence of psychiatric [7] and neurodegenerative disorders [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of hypothalamic-pituitary activity in male athletes: evidence of a novel hormonal mechanism of physical conditioning

Cadegiani

Kater

2019

BMC Endocr Disord

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BackgroundExercise is known to induce multiple beneficial conditioning processes. Conversely, although exercise may generate several hormonal effects, an intrinsic hormonal conditioning process has not been reported. In the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS) study, we observed inherent and independent conditioning processes of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes in athletes. Our objective is to describe the theory of the novel hormonal conditioning mechanism using the findings from the EROS study.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we selected 25 healthy athletes (ATL) and 12 non-physically active healthy controls (NPAC), 18–50 years old, males, with BMI 20–30 kg/m2, with similar baseline characteristics, who underwent gold-standard exercise-independent tests: cosyntropin stimulation test (CST) and insulin tolerance test (ITT), to evaluate cortisol response to CST, and ACTH, cortisol, GH, and prolactin responses to an ITT.ResultsResponses to ITT were significantly earlier and higher in ATL than NPAC for cortisol [Mean ± SD: 21.7 ± 3.1 vs 16.9 ± 4.1 μg/dL; p < 0.001], GH [Median (95% CI): 12.73 (1.1–38.1) vs 4.80 (0.33–27.36) μg/L; p = 0.015], and prolactin [24.3 (10.5–67.45) vs 10.50 (6.21–43.44) ng/mL; p = 0.002]. Cortisol response to CST was similar between ATL and NPAC. During ITT, cortisol, GH, and ACTH mean increase in ATL were 52.2, 265.2, and 18.6% higher than NPAC, respectively. Prolactin response was absent in NPAC, while present in ATL.ConclusionsWe found sufficient evidence to propose the existence of a diffuse enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary activity in athletes, not restricted to any axis, showing an intrinsic and independent process of “hormonal conditioning” in athletes, similar to those observed in the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. This novel conditioning process may be the missing link for understanding the improved responses observed in athletes to harmful situations, traumas, infections, inflammations, and psychiatric conditions.

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Physical Exercise As Stabilizer For Alzheimer'S Disease Cognitive Decline: Current Status

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis

Effects of physical activity and exercise on the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

Enhancement of hypothalamic-pituitary activity in male athletes: evidence of a novel hormonal mechanism of physical conditioning

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