Physical climatology of Indonesian maritime continent: An outline to comprehend observational studies

Yamanaka, Manabu D.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.03.017

Cited by 126 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Our observations have been outlined in Yamanaka et al (2008Yamanaka et al ( , 2016 and Yamanaka (2016), and here, we give some details of the background (see also the map in Fig. 5b).…”

Section: Jepp−harimau and Satreps−mccoe Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 and 13, the local rainfall distribution is primarily a function of the coastal distance (Ogino et al 2016(Ogino et al , 2017. Table 1, as a function of "coastal density" (modified from Yamanaka 2016) Detailed studies of the local rainfall variability due to orography over the IMC have started with a dense mesoscale rain gage network of daily-pentad (so the diurnal cycle is not resolvable) sampling , and with raindrop size disdrometers and wind profilers (Tabata et al 2011a(Tabata et al , 2011b) with high time resolution at almost isolated stations. For local orographic effects on the diurnal cycle rainfall (and wind), we need to analyze meteorological Doppler radar data more precisely in the next step.…”

Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IMC was one of the most important regions for hydroclimate studies during the Monsoon Asian Hydro−Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI;2006-2016 and the Asian Monsoon Years (AMY;-2012 5 in the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Yamanaka et al 2016). This is simply because the IMC is the region with the world's largest regional rainfall but has no sufficiently reliable observation network.…”

Section: Tropical Rainfall In the Global Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1), we hypothesize that the annual rainfall amount for a region may be approximately given by the total number of standard clouds along the coastline (Fig. 2c), that is, the length of coastline divided by 100 km (Yamanaka 2016). Since the coastline length is known to be dependent on the measurement resolution (Mandelbrot 1967), we have measured the lengths of coastlines for the ten regions listed in Table 1 with a resolution of 100 km or approximately 1°in latitude (and also in longitude near the equator), and the land area surrounded by such smoothed coastlines.…”

Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Yamanaka

Ogino

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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During the Monsoon Asian Hydro−Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI; 2006-16), we carried out two projects over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), constructing the Hydrometeorological Array for Intraseasonal Variation−Monsoon Automonitoring (HARIMAU; 2005-10) radar network and setting up a prototype institute for climate studies, the Maritime Continent Center of Excellence (MCCOE; 2009-14). Here, we review the climatological features of the world's largest "regional" rainfall over the IMC studied in these projects. The fundamental mode of atmospheric variability over the IMC is the diurnal cycle generated along coastlines by land−sea temperature contrast: afternoon land becomes hotter than sea by clear-sky insolation before noon, with the opposite contrast before sunrise caused by evening rainfall-induced "sprinkler"-like land cooling (different from the extratropical infrared cooling on clear nights). Thus, unlike the extratropics, the diurnal cycle over the IMC is more important in the rainy season. The intraseasonal, seasonal to annual, and interannual climate variabilities appear as amplitude modulations of the diurnal cycle. For example, in Jawa and Bali the rainy season is the southern hemispheric summer, because land heating in the clear morning and water vapor transport by afternoon sea breeze is strongest in the season of maximum insolation. During El Niño, cooler sea water surrounding the IMC makes morning maritime convection and rainfall weaker than normal. Because the diurnal cycle is almost the only mechanism generating convective clouds systematically near the equator with little cyclone activity, the local annual rainfall amount in the tropics is a steeply decreasing function of coastal distance (e-folding scale 100-300 km), and regional annual rainfall is an increasing function of "coastline density" (coastal length/land area) measured at a horizontal resolution of 100 km. The coastline density effect explains why rainfall and latent heating over the IMC are twice the global mean for an area that makes up only 4% of the Earth's surface. The diurnal cycles appearing almost synchronously over the whole IMC generate teleconnections between the IMC convection and the global climate. Thus, high-resolution (<< 100 km; << 1 day) observations and models over the IMC are essential to improve both local disaster prevention and global climate prediction.

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“…Our observations have been outlined in Yamanaka et al (2008Yamanaka et al ( , 2016 and Yamanaka (2016), and here, we give some details of the background (see also the map in Fig. 5b).…”

Section: Jepp−harimau and Satreps−mccoe Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tropical Rainfall In the Global Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Yamanaka

Ogino

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…IMC is located in very warm sea water that produces significant convective activities, Correspondence to: Halda A. Belgaman, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. E-mail: halda.aditya@ bppt.go.id playing the role as a heat source for Earth's atmospheric circulation (Yamanaka, 2016). The complex arrangement and interactions of land and sea produce significant seasonal variations of precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of seasonal precipitation isotope variability in Indonesia

Belgaman

Ichiyanagi

Suwarman

et al. 2017

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:The few previous studies of precipitation isotopes (δ 18 O and δD) in Indonesia, based on low spatial resolution observation datasets, have found several types of patterns in their seasonal variabilities. This study conducted high spatial resolution rainfall sampling and investigated the temporal characteristics of precipitation isotope in Indonesia. Rainfall samples were collected weekly from 33 stations in Indonesia. Cluster analysis showed that Indonesia could be divided into four types based on the seasonal variability of the precipitation of δ 18

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Long‐Lead Prediction of the 2015 Fire and Haze Episode in Indonesia

Shawki

Field

Tippett

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We conducted a case study of National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2 seasonal model forecast performance over Indonesia in predicting the dry conditions in 2015 that led to severe fire, in comparison to the non‐El Niño dry season conditions of 2016. Forecasts of the Drought Code (DC) component of Indonesia's Fire Danger Rating System were examined across the entire equatorial Asia region and for the primary burning regions within it. Our results show that early warning lead times of high observed DC in September and October 2015 varied considerably for different regions. High DC over Southern Kalimantan and Southern New Guinea were predicted with 180 day lead times, whereas Southern Sumatra had lead times of up to only 60 days, which we attribute to the absence in the forecasts of an eastward decrease in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures. This case study provides the starting point for longer‐term evaluation of seasonal fire danger rating forecasts over Indonesia.

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Physical climatology of Indonesian maritime continent: An outline to comprehend observational studies

Cited by 126 publications

References 211 publications

Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Characteristics of seasonal precipitation isotope variability in Indonesia

Long‐Lead Prediction of the 2015 Fire and Haze Episode in Indonesia

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