Physical Chemical Aspects of Calcium Stone-Formation in the Urinary Tract

Robertson, William

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4295-3_2

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is theoretically possible that colloidal NaU may participate in heterogeneous nucleation as well. Alternatively, colloidal NaU may promote Ca stone formation, by removing from urine certain mucopolysaccharides which inhibit crystal aggregation of Ca oxalate (6). In support of this theory, crystal aggregates of Ca oxalate were found to be more prominent in urine samples of high HU content (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The hypothesis that NaU may be etiologically important in formation of Ca stones is supported by the evidence that either a solid or colloidal form of NaU induces heterogeneous nucleation of Ca oxalate and Ca phosphate (3)(4)(5), or plays an important role in the crystal aggregation of Ca oxalate (6,7). Further validation of this scheme re(uires the demonstration that the physicochemical environment of urine, passed by patients with hyperuricosuria and Ca stones (1, 2), is "compatible" with the formation of the NaU nidus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once formed, the nidus of NaU may lead to the formation of Ca stones by inducing heterogeneous nucleation of Ca salts (3,4) or by absorbing certain urinary inhibitors (6). Indeed, solid seeds of NaU have been slown to cause nucleation of Ca oxalate and Ca phosphate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, two theories have been proposed, which implicate an important etiological role for monosodium urate (NaU), either in a solid phase (3)(4)(5) or in a colloidal form (6). In one theory, "seeds" of NaU may contribute to Ca stone formation, by inducing heterogeneous nucleation or epitaxial growth of Ca oxalate and Ca phosphate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism for calcium urolithiasis among patients with hyperuricosuria: supersaturation of urine with respect to monosodium urate.

Pak¹,

Waters²,

Arnold³

et al. 1977

J. Clin. Invest.

174

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A B S T R A C T Since monosodium urate (NaU) may play an important etiologic role in the formation of renal stones containing Ca in patients with hyperuricosuria, the current studies were undertaken to define some of the physicochemical factors which determine the formation of NaU. In solutions containing Na, uric acid was rapidly transformed to NaU at pH >6. The results indicated that NaU, and not uric acid, was the stable phase above this pH. A reliable and simple method for the calculation of the state of saturation of urine with respect to NaU was developed from the ratio of concentration products of Na and total dissolved urate (UT) in the ambient fluid before and after incubation of urine with synthetic NaU. The concentration product ratio closely approximated the ratio of activity products of Na+ and acid urate ion. In contrast, the relative saturation ratio, or the ratio of activity product of original sample and the thermodynamic solubility product of NaU, often differed from the activity product ratio in the individual urine samples. With the concentration product ratio, it was found in 45 urine samples that a critical determinant for the supersaturated state with respect to NaU was the high concentration of UT. At UT > 300 mg/liter, urine samples were invariably supersaturated with respect to NaU. These results suggest that the nidus of NaU could potentially form in the urine of patients with hyperuricosuria and Ca stones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanism for calcium urolithiasis among patients with hyperuricosuria: supersaturation of urine with respect to monosodium urate.

Pak¹,

Waters²,

Arnold³

et al. 1977

J. Clin. Invest.

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is believed that hyperuricosuria may cause calcium nephrolithiasis by promoting the formation of colloidal or crystalline mono sodium urate [17,21]. The monosodium urate so formed may induce heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate or promote crystal aggregation by adsorption of 'inhibitors' [26]. The cause for the hyperuricosuria is usually dietary overindulgence in purine-rich foods; in some cases, it may be a primary overproduction of uric acid.…”

Section: Physiological Derangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%