Physical Characterization of Frozen Aqueous Solutions Containing Sodium Chloride and Humic Acid at Environmentally Relevant Temperatures

Chakraborty, Subha; Kahan, Tara F.

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00319

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This phase transition has been studied both theoretically and experimentally in a number of papers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The influence of water impurities and the physical properties of water and solid substrates on the transition has been examined [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The water properties at critical and supercritical conditions have also been investigated [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analysis of the Water-to-Ice Phase Transition Using Acoustic Plate Waves

Анисимкин

Kolesov

Kuznetsova

et al. 2021

Sensors

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It is shown that, in spite of the wave radiation into the adjacent liquid, a large group of Lamb waves are able to propagate along piezoelectric plates (quartz, LiNbO3, LiTaO3) coated with a liquid layer (distilled water H2O). When the layer freezes, most of the group’s waves increase their losses, essentially forming an acoustic response towards water-to-ice transformation. Partial contributions to the responses originating from wave propagation, electro-mechanical transduction, and wave scattering were estimated and compared with the coupling constants, and the vertical displacements of the waves were calculated numerically at the water–plate and ice–plate interfaces. The maximum values of the responses (20–30 dB at 10–100 MHz) are attributed to the total water-to-ice transformation. Time variations in the responses at intermediate temperatures were interpreted in terms of a two-phase system containing both water and ice simultaneously. The results of the paper may turn out to be useful for some applications where the control of ice formation is an important problem (aircraft wings, ship bodies, car roads, etc.).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water properties at critical and supercritical conditions have also been investigated [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Different experimental methods such as Raman spectroscopy [ 4 , 6 , 9 ], X-ray absorption spectroscopy [ 13 ], and high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry [ 14 ] have been applied for research in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Water-to-Ice Phase Transition Using Acoustic Plate Waves

Анисимкин

Kolesov

Kuznetsova

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Koop et al (2000a) were the first to show that because precipitation of sodium chloride can be kinetically hindered, supercooled sodium chloride solutions in the presence of ice can prevail down to 240 K. Precipitation of sodium chloride may not occur even though temperature has dropped below the eutectic temperature where the solid is the thermodynamically favoured phase. Cho et al (2002) have observed a liquid fraction in sodium chloride-water mixtures at even lower temperatures of between 228 and 273 K based on the evaluation of 1 H-NMR signals. Cho et al (2002) proposed the presence of liquid below the eutectic temperature to be an interfacial phenomenon, stabilized by surface forces in analogy to the disordered interface observed for neat ice surfaces when approaching the melting point (Bartels-Rausch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cho et al (2002) have observed a liquid fraction in sodium chloride-water mixtures at even lower temperatures of between 228 and 273 K based on the evaluation of 1 H-NMR signals. Cho et al (2002) proposed the presence of liquid below the eutectic temperature to be an interfacial phenomenon, stabilized by surface forces in analogy to the disordered interface observed for neat ice surfaces when approaching the melting point (Bartels-Rausch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of this study is to investigate the precipitation and the occurrence of liquid features in sodium chloridewater binary mixtures in the interfacial region. Both Cho et al (2002) and Koop et al (2000a) have applied methods that are not specifically sensitive to the interface but probe the The data show the freezing-point depression of sodium chloride solutions (filled yellow circles) and give the concentration of an aqueous sodium chloride solution in equilibrium with ice in the temperature range of 273 to 254 K (Rumble, 2019). The dark-blue lines indicate the phase boundaries (Koop et al, 2000b;Rumble, 2019); that is they denote the so-called liquidus and solidus line, respectively, and thus show the temperature and concentration range where ice and aqueous sodium chloride solutions co-exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Laboratory experiments are presented on the phase change at the surface of sodium chloride–water mixtures at temperatures between 259 and 241 K. Chloride is a ubiquitous component of polar coastal surface snow. The chloride embedded in snow is involved in reactions that modify the chemical composition of snow as well as ultimately impact the budget of trace gases and the oxidative capacity of the overlying atmosphere. Multiphase reactions at the snow–air interface have been of particular interest in atmospheric science. Undoubtedly, chemical reactions proceed faster in liquids than in solids; but it is currently unclear when such phase changes occur at the interface of snow with air. In the experiments reported here, a high selectivity to the upper few nanometres of the frozen solution–air interface is achieved by using electron yield near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We find that sodium chloride at the interface of frozen solutions, which mimic sea-salt deposits in snow, remains as supercooled liquid down to 241 K. At this temperature, hydrohalite exclusively precipitates and anhydrous sodium chloride is not detected. In this work, we present the first NEXAFS spectrum of hydrohalite. The hydrohalite is found to be stable while increasing the temperature towards the eutectic temperature of 252 K. Taken together, this study reveals no differences in the phase changes of sodium chloride at the interface as compared to the bulk. That sodium chloride remains liquid at the interface upon cooling down to 241 K, which spans the most common temperature range in Arctic marine environments, has consequences for interfacial chemistry involving chlorine as well as for any other reactant for which the sodium chloride provides a liquid reservoir at the interface of environmental snow. Implications for the role of surface snow in atmospheric chemistry are discussed.

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Chemical Morphology Controls Reactivity of OH Radicals at the Air–Ice Interface

et al. 2021

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At the air−ice interface, some aromatic compounds such as benzene and anthracene are surprisingly unreactive toward OH. This may be a consequence of the poor solvation of these compounds at the interface, resulting in clustering there. We test this hypothesis by comparing the reaction of OH with pyrene, a 4ring polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), to reactions of OH with the more water-soluble compounds coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin (7OHC). We observe that OH reacts readily with coumarin and 7OHC at both liquid and frozen air−water interfaces. Pyrene, a much less soluble compound, reacts with OH at the liquid surface but not at the air−ice interface. We report evidence of pyrene aggregation at the ice surface based on its broadened and redshifted emission spectrum alongside fluorescence mapping of anthracene, a closely related 3-ring PAH, which shows bunching at the ice surface. By contrast, fluorescence mapping shows that coumarin is fairly homogeneously distributed at the air−ice interface. Together, these results suggest that the limited reactivity of some compounds toward OH at the ice surface may be a consequence of their propensity to self-aggregate, demonstrating that chemical morphology can play an important role in reactions at the ice surface.

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Physical Characterization of Frozen Aqueous Solutions Containing Sodium Chloride and Humic Acid at Environmentally Relevant Temperatures

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

An Analysis of the Water-to-Ice Phase Transition Using Acoustic Plate Waves

An Analysis of the Water-to-Ice Phase Transition Using Acoustic Plate Waves

Interfacial supercooling and the precipitation of hydrohalite in frozen NaCl solutions as seen by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Chemical Morphology Controls Reactivity of OH Radicals at the Air–Ice Interface

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