Physical characteristics of carbon materials derived from pyrolysed vascular plants

The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physical properties of monolithic carbons derived from solid iron bamboo

“…11(b) and (d) show the wall of large xylem vessel observed in material untreated and heated to 400 8C, respectively. As it was previously reported for common bamboo [11], the original cellular skeleton of iron bamboo stem was retained in the porous carbon material during carbonisation process.…”

“…This means that further heating (above 600 8C) did not remove any compounds from bamboo stem, but there was probably reorganization of carbonised iron bamboo structure resulting in more compact matrix. In our previous paper [11] we noticed that bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) carbonised to 950 8C was more porous, but stiffer-it evidenced that the matrix of bamboo, carbonised to the high temperature was a more condensed structure.…”

“…Details of an ultrasonic method are described in our previously published paper [11]. Directions in a sample, along which the ultrasonic measurements were made, are shown in Fig.…”

Inherent organic compounds in biochar–Their content, composition and potential toxic effects

“…Various techniques have been used to characterise the changes occurring during the thermo-chemical conversion (e.g. FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, BET surface area and proximate analysis (PA)), demonstrating shrinkage and mass loss of the feedstock with increasing aromaticity and decreasing surface functional groups (Abrego et al, 2009;Bourke et al, 2007;Haas et al, 2009;Keiluweit et al, 2010;Krzesińska et al, 2006;Kwon et al, 2009;Podgorski et al, 2012;Rutherford et al, 2012).…”

Physicochemical and microtextural characterization of activated carbons produced from water steam activation of three bamboo species

“…Bamboos are a group of woody perennial plants in the grass family Poaceae, subfamily bambusoideae [23]. Most of bamboo species are grown in tropical regions of Africa, Asia or Latin America.…”