Physical behaviour of slag in a 107‐tonne ladle: production scale experiments and theoretical simulation

Grip, Carl Erik; Jonsson, Lage

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2003.10557.x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This way the results could be compared to the literature values, e.g. the results obtained by [6] and the model could be properly validated. Also an experimental setup is planned, which would give a more satisfactory reference to validate the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molten steel is assumed to be at constant temperature, 1580°C. The argon density is calculated by using the ideal gas law, as is also done by [6]. Material and interaction properties (density, ρ, kinematic viscosity, ν, bubble diameter, d, and surface tension, σ) together with the interaction model have been summarized Table 1.…”

Section: Initial and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain knowledge from the process behaviour, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to study this process. Fluid flows in the CAS-OB process have earlier been studied with CFD in [6]. The main features in this process are the open eye and splash zones formation caused by the gas injection from the bottom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Phase CFD-Simulation of CAS-OB Ladle

Kulju

Ollila²,

Keiski

et al. 2013

MSF

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In the production of steel, the CAS-OB process is used for composition adjustment, temperature control and removal of various dissolved impurities. In this work we have studied the CAS-OB process with CFD and focused on the behavior of the slag layer, which is produced on the top of molten steel. Dynamic mesh adaption has been applied to resolve the slag layer boundary in a detailed way. As a result the time dependent evolution of the slag layer is presented. The chosen approach to describe the process offers an effective and promising way to study this complex system. In the future this model will be validated against experimental data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial and Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Phase CFD-Simulation of CAS-OB Ladle

Kulju

Ollila²,

Keiski

et al. 2013

MSF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore -implementation of special techniques is required. Therefore, only a few such research tests have been conducted, their scope was limited to special purposes, such as for verification of mathematical or physical models [6,7]. This triggered development of alternative research methods, where two are worth of special notice, namely: the first method with using physical models, being called "cold" or "water" models [8]; the other one is based on mathematical description of the tested phenomena [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Warzecha

Hutny

Warzecha

et al. 2020

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InvestIgatIons of Dual Plug argon BlowIng for effIcIent MIxIng at laDle furnace statIonThe article presents the results of model research concerning the change of technology of argon blowing into liquid steel at the ladle furnace, using the dual plug system. The results of numerical simulations were verified with experimental data carried out on the water model device. The verified model was used to perform numerical simulations to predict the impact of using a new gas injection technology -with different flow rates -on the time to achieve the assumed degree of metal chemical homogenization after alloy addition. Simulation results show that argon blowing metal bath in dual plug mode can effectively reduce mixing time compared to conventional technology with the same gas flow rates. Generally, the use of the dual plug system is beneficial for reducing the bath mixing time, however, the assumed optimal proportion of gas blown through individual plug should be followed. Finally, numerical predictions were used to perform experimental melt under industrial conditions. Industrial verification has clearly confirmed the validity of numerical modeling and showed that also in industrial conditions, a shorter time of chemical homogenization was obtained for the dual plug system.

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“…10 (e.g. 3,4) ), but no reaction source terms are included in these. The objective here was to develop a model that describes the relevant unit processes in the CAS-OB process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for Numerical Modeling of the CAS-OB Process: Process Model for the Heat-Up Stage

et al. 2014

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The objective of this work was to develop a process model for the CAS-OB (Composition Adjustment by Sealed argon bubbling-Oxygen Blowing). The CAS-OB is designed to homogenize and control the steel composition and temperature before the casting. In the heating mode (OB) studied here, a refractory bell is lowered and submerged 30 cm below the liquid steel surface of the ladle and under this well-defined sealed volume, oxygen gas is injected to oxidize solid aluminum particles that are fed and molten at the surface. Under consideration were the melting of the solid aluminum particles, the oxidation of pure molten aluminum, and the oxidation of dissolved species, in this case Al, Mn, C and Si, and the solvent Fe. We also considered the formation and oxidation of steel droplets formed in the blowing when they pass through and react with the surface slag and also the reaction of pure aluminum on the top of the slag layer. Based on our simulations, only 30-40% of the chemical energy can be used to heat up the steel. A fraction of 0.8-0.85 of the O2 can be utilized in the process; these values correspond to those obtained in previous work. The main part of the heating energy comes from the oxidation of the fed Al. FeO is primarily an intermediate product of the reactions. The model was tested against industrial trials for steel temperature and compositions of slag and steel, and it succeeded in capturing correct trends and absolute accuracy within the analyzing accuracy.

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Physical behaviour of slag in a 107‐tonne ladle: production scale experiments and theoretical simulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Three Phase CFD-Simulation of CAS-OB Ladle

Three Phase CFD-Simulation of CAS-OB Ladle

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

A Novel Approach for Numerical Modeling of the CAS-OB Process: Process Model for the Heat-Up Stage

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