Physical Assessment of the Magnetic Path Length of Energy Loss Testers

Pfützner, Helmut; Shilyashki, Georgi; Huber, Emanuel

doi:10.1109/tmag.2020.3025041

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, we reported in [ 24 ] our first measured power function p ( t ) for grain-oriented steel, demonstrating that instantaneous values p may offer effective conclusions on the temporal “history” of loss generation. For the measurement, we applied the Low Mass SST according to Fig.…”

Section: Measured Instantaneous Magnetization Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Pfützner

Shilyashki

Huber³

2022

Electr Eng

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Magnetic energy loss P of soft magnetic laminations like SiFe sheets tends to be expressed through an integral over the power product H · dB/dt. Already in earlier papers, we stressed that distinctions are needed for the quantities H and B. However, they are not considered in practically consistent ways, in the so far literature. Here, we discuss these distinctions in closer ways, comparing loss determination by calculation and measurement, respectively. A physically consistent procedure is described for the determination of loss and magnetization power functions through measurement of bi-located quantities HS and BC (S surface, C cross section). On the other hand, it is concluded that corresponding quantitative calculations—based on co-located quantities H and B—are impeded by the high amount of technological parameters of modern steel products. For example, they result from chemical additions, and—in particular—also from specific technologies of rolling, annealing, coating or scribing.

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Section: Measured Instantaneous Magnetization Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Pfützner

Shilyashki

Huber³

2022

Electr Eng

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“…The second part of the paper discusses the 'history' of energy dissipation through instantaneous magnetization power functions p(φ), with φ being the phase angle during magnetization, for a deeper understanding of physical mechanisms and as a prerequisite for power conversion. We restricted our first corresponding studies [11][12][13] to the key frequency of 50 Hz. Here we put the focus on consequences of variations of frequency values.…”

Section: Aims Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30], however, performed on small samples of material, without consideration of non-dissipative phenomena. As a matter of fact, we assume that first systematic studies on industrially representative SST samples were reported in our own investigations [11,12] that include theoretical discussions and Ref. [13] that includes an example of practical relevance.…”

Section: Instantaneous Magnetization Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the literature is concentrated on magnetic energy loss values P that are averaged over a full period of magnetization. On the other hand, the already mentioned more recent publications [11, 13, 29, 30] discussed the corresponding temporal distribution, concluding that distinct differences exist for different types of SiFe steel—that is, GO steels and NO steels. Most results were presented for the standard frequency value of 50 Hz.…”

Section: Instantaneous Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Shilyashki

Pfützner

Bengtsson³

et al. 2022

IET Electric Power Appl

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Traditionally, products of electrical SiFe steel are focussed on applications for frequencies of 50-Hz. However, the recent developments of electric drive systems yielded a strong extension of the range from f = 16 2/3 Hz up to ca. 500 Hz. In spite of high industrial relevance, the literature offers the corresponding data on the material's magnetic energy losses in very rare ways. This paper reports a first comparative, multi-parametric study on eight different steel products that comprise non-oriented steels (NO), grain-oriented steels (GO) and scribed grain-oriented steels (SGO). Consistently at IEC-standardized samples, they were analysed for the whole frequency range that was split into low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF), with 80 Hz as the border. Data is presented on time-averaged total losses P, on the corresponding hysteresis losses P H and eddy current losses P E . LF proved to be governed by P H and MF rather by P E , however, with strong variations. Further, instantaneous magnetization power functions p(φ) were determined for basic insights into the involved temporal developments of energy dissipation. GOsteels yielded profiles close to rectified co-sinus functions that can be fully attributed to dissipative losses. On the other hand, p(t) of NO-steels and SGO-steels prove to include negative segments that reflect potential energy power, in the course of alignments of atomic moments in instants of high induction. Examples of industrial relevance of the accumulated data are steel production technology, product categorization, failure tracing and energy conversion. K E Y W O R D Seddy current effects, grain orientation, hysteresis losses, instantaneous losses, instantaneous power, magnetization power, silicon iron | INTRODUCTIONElectrical steel sheets of silicon iron are of high industrial relevance, due to their almost universal use for soft magnetic cores of electric machines. Traditionally, the production of core steel is focussed at applications for grid frequencies f of 50 and 60 Hz, respectively. As a matter of fact, almost all literature on aspects of magnetic energy losses are concentrated on these values. On the other hand, in recent times, word-wide developments were started to implement electric drive systems in general ways. This involves a large range of frequency f, starting with 16 2/3 Hz, up to 400 Hz. In some detail, it includes the following frequency key values: 16 2/3 Hz for train drives 25 Hz for train drives in countries like North America 50 Hz world-wide, the most frequent general grid frequency 60 Hz the grid frequency in parts of America and Asia 80 Hz being relevant for f-controlled drives, among others 400 Hz for aircrafts, sub-marines etc. 500 Hz (or even higher) for currently developed drive systemsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The latter includes high portions from the complex magnetization of the four corners of the quadratic frame of double-overlapped sample strips. Since decades, attempts are made to attain a separation by means of a so-called effective path length [3][4][5], or by specific substitution methods [6,7]. However, long experience demonstrated that it is impossible to attain accurate results from these approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Epstein Tester for Magnetic Energy Loss Measurements of Non-Annealed Domain-Refined Fe–Si

Shilyashki

Pfützner²,

Giefing

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Magn.

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Physical Assessment of the Magnetic Path Length of Energy Loss Testers

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Giant Epstein Tester for Magnetic Energy Loss Measurements of Non-Annealed Domain-Refined Fe–Si

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