“…For example, there is evidence that individuals involved with violence across both partner and non-partner relationships present with greater levels of clinical problem severity (i.e., higher levels of psychiatric distress, such as depression, substance use, antisocial behaviors, or use of less effective coping strategies) (Alexandercilova et al, 2013; Bonar et al, in press; Chermack et al, 2009; Holtzworth-Munroe & Meehan, 2004; Huss & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, 2006; Walton et al, 2007). There is also evidence of gender differences depending on the nature and type of violence involvement, with male gender being associated with greater participation in non-partner violence (Alexandercilova et al, 2013; Chermack et al, 2001; Cunningham et al, 2003), both partner and non-partner violence (Chermack et al, 2009; Walton et al, 2007), and violence resulting in injury (Chermack et al, 2010; Felson & Cares, 2005; Walton et al, 2009b).…”