Physical and tribological properties of a new polycarbonate-organoclay nanocomposite

Carrión, Francisco J.; Arribas, Alejandro; Bermúdez, Marı́a-Dolores; Guillamón, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.038

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…After mixing in the corresponding proportion, extrusion and injection molding were carried out to obtain samples of PC and PC + 1% B2010 as previously described [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in an earlier paper [13], we have undertaken a study of the influence of nanoclay orientation when the sliding direction is either longitudinal (L) or transverse (T) to the orientation of the nanoclay (see Figure 1b). Figure 2 shows residual depth values as a function of scratch direction.…”

Section: Progressive Scratch Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic friction decreased for TPUs with low hardness but increased for TPUs with high hardness -hence also here we are dealing with a two-edged sword. In general, tribology of polymer-based materials (PBMs) is significantly more difficult than tribology of metals although some approaches that work have been developed [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In this situation, we have decided to investigate further effects of the presence of organoclay on tribological behavior an engineering polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this situation, we have decided to investigate further effects of the presence of organoclay on tribological behavior an engineering polymer. In an earlier paper [13] some of us have demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy [TEM] that there is a preferential orientation of nanoclay in the polymer matrix. Apparently the orientation appears during the injection molding process due to high shear pressure in the melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scratch resistance of a polycarbonate + organoclay nanohybrid

Arribas¹,

Bermúdez²,

Brostow³

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A polycarbonate-based nanohybrid has been created containing 1 wt% of Bentone 2010, an organically modified montmorillonite. A micro-section on the nanohybrid obtained using focused ion beam (FIB) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to observe the orientation of the nanoclay inside a polycarbonate (PC) matrix in the cross-section FIB-milled face. A micro-scratch tester was used to measure the scratch resistance in terms of residual (healing) depth Rh under progressive load and in sliding wear. Effects of the number of scratches, normal load and scratch velocity have been evaluated as a function of nanoclay orientation. In sliding wear (multiple scratching along the same groove), our nanohybrid reaches residual depth values that remain constant after a certain number of scratches, a manifestation of strain hardening. The number of scratches to induce strain hardening decreases as the normal applied load increases. SEM was used to characterize deformation and wear mechanisms that operate on contacts and the results related to the wear data.

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“…After mixing in the corresponding proportion, extrusion and injection molding were carried out to obtain samples of PC and PC + 1% B2010 as previously described [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Progressive Scratch Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scratch resistance of a polycarbonate + organoclay nanohybrid

Arribas¹,

Bermúdez²,

Brostow³

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Subsequently, micro-wave solid-state polymerization converted the pre-intercalated into exfoliated nanocomposite, whereas conventional solid-state polymerization using oil heating only increased the gallery size of MMT (Yoo et al, 2004). Carrión et al 2008, prepared a new PC nanocomposite containing 3 wt% of OMMT bentone 2010 and shaped some samples from this system by extrusion and injection moulding. Then, its tribological properties were determined under a pin-on-disc configuration against stainless steel.…”

Section: Types Of Fillers and Mixing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

Tarantili¹

2011

Nanocomposites and Polymers With Analytical Methods

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Polymer nanocompositesPolymer/layered silicate nanocomposites have recently attracted a great deal of interest because of their unique properties, such as enhanced mechanical property, increased thermal stability, improved gas barrier properties and reduced flammability. According to the arrangement of silicate layers within the polymer matrix, two types of morphology can be achieved in nanocomposites: namely intercalated or exfoliated structures. Exfoliated structures have been well recognized as superior morphology for high performance at lower clay loadings, but are difficult to achieve. Attempts to improve processability and ensure efficient dispersion of the above fillers have led to modifications, e.g. with quaternary ammonium surfactants, which is expected to increase the inter-gallery spacing and provide enough hydrophobicity to clay particles in order to make them miscible with the polymer matrix. A typical example is sodium montmorillonite (MMT), one of the most commonly used clays, which is hydrophilic and therefore shows restricted compatibility with many polymers. To obtain good interfacial adhesion for improved mechanical properties, the clay needs to be modified prior to incorporating into the usual organophilic polymer matrices. Clay modification can be achieved by an ion exchange reaction with organophilic cations (Utracki, 2004). There are two reasons for this modification: (i) the addition of an intercalating agent to increase the space between the layered silicates and make it more uniform and (ii) the addition of small organic molecules bonded to silicates to make MMT more miscible with the polymer matrix. Therefore, polymer molecules are allowed to enter the enlarged intergallery of silicates for further intercalation or exfoliation. In general the intercalated agents are small molecules of cationic surfactant, such dodecyl ammonium chloride and 1-hexadecyl ammonium blomide. Clay possesses net negative charge on its lamellar surface and, therefore, it can absorb cations, such as Na + or Ca 2+ . Alkyl ammonium ions can replace metal cations through a cation exchange process and occupy the gallery space between nanoscaled layers of the clay to alter the original silicate surface from hydrophilic to organophilic (Burnside and www.intechopen.com Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods 150Giannelis, 1995). Because of the negative charge of the silicate layer, the cations head group of an alkyl ammonium molecule preferentially resides at the layer surface with the aliphatic tails being removed from the surface (Chen and Yoon, 2005). Nanocomposites can be prepared by solvent casting, by in situ polymerization or by melt compounding (Pinnavaia & Beall, 2002). So far, melt intercalation method has been the most commonly used procedure because of advantages especially in terms of commercial versatility and mass production ability. Three types of polymer/clay composites are usually recognized: a)"conventional composites", in which the clay is added as a common filler, b)"intercalated nanoc...

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Preparation of highly exfoliated and transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites by melt blending of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites

Dhibar

Kar

Khatua

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this report, we introduce an industrially feasible method that involves melt blending of polycarbonate (PC) and in situ suspension polymerized exfoliated PMMA/clay (Na þ MMT) nanocomposites to prepare highly exfoliated PC/clay nanocomposites. The rational behind this is that PC is well known to form miscible blend with low molecular weight PMMA. Thus, low molecular weight PMMA/clay exfoliated nanocomposites were prepared by suspension polymerization using preexfoliated clay (Na þ MMT) in water media during the polymerization. The (80/20 w/w) PC/PMMA blends without and with Na þ MMT showed single glass transition temperature (T g ), indicating complete miscibility of the polymers in the blend. The surface morphologies of the composites were studied by scanning electron micros-copy (SEM). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of the nanocomposites revealed delamination of the clay silicate layers in the PC matrix. The properties of the (80/20 w/w) PC/PMMA-Na þ MMT nanocomposites were significantly higher than that of the pure PC. Moreover, retention of the optical transparency of PC in the nanocomposites could be due to the presence of unmodified clay (Na þ MMT), which did not contain any organic modifier (quaternary ammonium salt) that could decompose during melt mixing of PC at high temperature (% 280 C). V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 125: E601-E609, 2012

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Physical and tribological properties of a new polycarbonate-organoclay nanocomposite

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Scratch resistance of a polycarbonate + organoclay nanohybrid

Scratch resistance of a polycarbonate + organoclay nanohybrid

Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

Preparation of highly exfoliated and transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites by melt blending of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites

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