Physical and social wellbeing of family caregivers of persons with hepatitis B associated chronic liver disease in Ghana: a qualitative study

Abstract

Background Hepatitis B is one of the most common viral (HBV)infections that affect the liver. Infection with the virus may result in varying severity of liver disease which may be acute or chronic. Though most people recover from the infection, about 5 − 10% of cases lead to chronic infection. Persons who develop HBV-related debilitating liver disease will likely require informal care from family caregivers. Aim This study sought to explore the physical and social wellbeing of family caregivers of persons with hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease in a tertiary hospital in the Central region of Ghana. Methods This study adopted an exploratory, descriptive qualitative research design. We used a purposive sampling technique and a semi-structured interview guide to interview eighteen participants. The Quality of Life (QoL) model applied to family caregivers underpinned the study and guided the formulation of study objectives. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s procedure for thematic content analysis. Similar codes were grouped into subthemes, and similar subthemes were grouped into major themes. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (coreq) checklist was used as a guide for writing the study. Results Two major themes emerged from the study: physical wellbeing and social wellbeing. Seven subthemes were also identified: physical body changes and physiological body changes (physical wellbeing) and role strain, social isolation, financial impact, affection/sexual function, and support social wellbeing). These central themes aligned with two domains of the QoL model applied to family caregivers. Conclusion Family caregivers of persons with HB-associated liver disease suffer ill health due to the burden of physical care for their sick relatives and neglect their health due to time constraints. They also experience role strain as they cannot attend to other family responsibilities and feel socially isolated since they spend all their time caring for a sick family member.

Caregiver Experience from the Perspective of Men and Women: An Integrative Review

“…The care of a chronically ill person is provided by the person him/herself, the caregiver, and the family group (4), even though caregiving generates stress, due to the health condition (5) and the behavioral problems of the ill person (6)(7)(8). The informal caregiver provides care and tends to the needs of the affected person (9), who is unable to take care of him/herself (10), adapting to these conditions to improve the health and well-being of his/her loved one.…”