Physical and nutritional properties of edamame seeds as influenced by stage of development

Xu, Yixiang; A, Cartier; Kibet, Daniel; Jordan, Krystal; Hakala, Ivy; Davis, S. Lindsey; Sismour, Edward; Kering, Maru K.; Rutto, Laban K.

doi:10.1007/s11694-015-9293-9

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, starch and sucrose contents steadily decrease with seed development, while oligosaccharides remain low in seed until 3 weeks prior to R8 stage ( Saldivar et al, 2011 ). In addition, Xu et al (2016) , working on two edamame cultivars, reported that seed weight peaks at the R6 stage, observed a continuous decrease in seed green color from R5 to R8 stage, and confirmed the report by Saldivar et al (2011) on seed protein, oil, and carbohydrate accumulation patterns. Such drastic changes in soybean seed composition with stage of development highlight the importance of a timely harvest of edamame to ensure both maximum seed size and an optimal seed composition.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The other parameters in Wibowo et al (2020) edamame grading system are either under heavy genetic control or under environmental effect but not necessarily affected by the crop developmental stage at harvest time (such as damage by pests and diseases or pod shape). Since seed size, and concomitantly HPW , is under genotypic control ( Xu et al, 2016 ), in our index, we used a ratio of HPW to the maximum HPW observed for a given cultivar across all its harvest dates. Also, the denominator of EHQI includes a measurement of HUE and IGC as a means to counter the effect of pod size in the index; HUE and IGC are multiplicative and placed in the denominator of the index to highlight the greater importance of green color in overall edamame quality as demonstrated by the inclusion of two elements of color in edamame grading systems ( Wibowo et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Planting Date and Cultivar Maturity in Edamame Quality and Harvest Window

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Edamame is a food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that is harvested immature between the R6 and R7 reproductive stages. To be labeled as a premium product, the edamame market demands large pod size and intense green color. A staggered harvest season is critical for the commercial industry to post-harvest process the crop in a timely manner. Currently, there is little information to assist in predicting the optimum time to harvest edamame when the pods are at their collective largest size and greenest color. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of cultivar, planting date, and harvest date on edamame color, pod weight, and a newly minted Edamame Harvest Quality Index combining both aforementioned factors. And to predict edamame harvest quality based on phenological stages, thermal units, and planting dates. We observed that pod color and weight depended on the cultivar, planting date, and harvest date combination. Our results also indicated that edamame quality is increased with delayed planting dates and that quality was dependent on harvest date with a quadratic negative response to delaying harvest. Maximum quality depended on cultivar and planting and harvest dates, but it remained stable for an interval of 18–27 days around the peak. Finally, we observed that the number of days between R1 and harvest was consistently identified as a key factor driving edamame quality by both stepwise regression and neural network analysis. These research results will help define a planting and harvest strategy for edamame production in Arkansas and the United States Mid-South.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Planting Date and Cultivar Maturity in Edamame Quality and Harvest Window

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Asian countries are still the major suppliers of the edamame consumed in the U.S. and since the 1990s China has replaced Taiwan as the major edamame exporter (Wang, 2018;Flores et al, 2019). However, the growing demand for edamame in the U.S. has aroused the interest of breeders, growers, and food processors to produce this vegetable domestically (Xu et al, 2016). Hence, edamame has been suggested as an alternative crop to replace the decreasing tobacco production, for example, in Virginia and Kentucky (Xu et al, 2012;Ogles et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Edamame are harvested when the plant is still immature (between reproductive growth stages R6 and R7), seeds have filled 80-90% of the green pod width and still retain around 65% moisture content, with Brix readings (total soluble solids) between 8.5 and 12 (Johnson, 2000;Sujith Kumar et al, 2011;Nolen et al, 2016). Harvesting edamame at the R6 stage brings the benefits of having desired quality attributes, such as intense green color, low concentrations of oligosaccharide and anti-nutrients, and both sucrose content and seed weight at their peak (Xu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and Consumer Studies in Plant Breeding: A Guidance for Edamame Development in the U.S.

Carneiro

Duncan

O’Keefe

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant breeding is an important discipline to develop food products and improve overall quality, chemical composition, and nutritional value of crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts, which can be important allies in health promotion. Apples, blueberries, wine grapes, tomatoes, and peanuts are a few examples of food products that were improved in past decades through plant breeding programs in the United States. Recently, edamame (vegetable soybean) has gained special attention from breeders, non-breeder researchers, growers, and consumers, and new edamame varieties are currently being developed for domestic production. As a popular nutritious crop in Asian countries, edamame is increasing in sales and consumption in the United States. Therefore, edamame has great potential to be a profitable alternative crop to replace tobacco farming, whose production and market value have been declining. Until the present date, most published reviews on edamame have focused on its agronomic characteristics. However, understanding consumer expectations, needs, and acceptability for new and improved crops like edamame is vital to guide and sustain their production. It is important that researchers working on plant breeding programs understand and consider the aspects that are relevant for both growers and consumers (e.g., crop productivity, pest and disease resistance, nutritional properties, and sensory attributes). Thus, this review paper aims to integrate available information on sensory quality of edamame and to support its development and production in the United States. This review presents an overview of how sensory evaluation and consumer studies have been used to support plant breeding programs in the development of alternative crops, such as edamame.

show abstract

“…Less desirable aromatic compounds are also found in soybeans due to enzymatic oxidation of the lipid portion. This oxidation begins immediately after harvest and will continue until processing (for example, blanching or freezing) denatures such enzymes (Boue, Shih, Carter‐Wientjes, & Cleveland, ; Saldivar et al., ; Sugimoto et al., ; Taylor et al., ; Xu et al., ). Thus, the period of postharvest processing and a cultivar's inherent ability to produce compounds such as 2AP are crucial aspects for the sensory quality of VS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing and Explaining Sensory Differences among Organically Grown Vegetable‐Soybean Varieties Grown in Northern California

Flores

Giovanni

Kirk

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vegetable soybean (VS), known as edamame, is appreciated for its robust flavor and exceptional nutrient content. Although the United States is one of the world's leading producers of soy, only a fraction is harvested as edamame. Research involving varietal differences is very limited, particularly among U.S. consumers. Sensory attributes of three VS varieties grown in Northern California (with organic methods) were assessed: Giant Midori (GM), ButterBean (BB), and Kuroshinja (KU). Participants (n = 74) rated four characteristics: flavor, texture, appearance, and overall liking on unlabeled, 11‐point hedonic scales and were asked if they would purchase the variety. A small portion of these participants would again evaluate the varieties, using free choice profiling (FCP) methodology. After these evaluations, texture analyzer, colorimeter, and high‐performance liquid chromatography (free amino acids, sugars, and isoflavones) testing were performed. Among tested varieties, distinct differences in quality were found, with GM preferred first, followed by KU, and BB. GM was significantly harder, a more intense green, had more free sugars and isoflavones and fewer free amino acids, whereas KU and BB trended to be the opposite. Analyzing FCP data with a General Procrustes Analysis, varieties were separated in different factors for flavor and texture, but not appearance. Although repeated, and larger trials are needed, our study signifies that consumers are able to detect differences among VS varieties. Further research may influence producers to grow the variety likely to be most profitable and marketable.

show abstract

Physical and nutritional properties of edamame seeds as influenced by stage of development

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Planting Date and Cultivar Maturity in Edamame Quality and Harvest Window

Effect of Planting Date and Cultivar Maturity in Edamame Quality and Harvest Window

Sensory and Consumer Studies in Plant Breeding: A Guidance for Edamame Development in the U.S.

Capturing and Explaining Sensory Differences among Organically Grown Vegetable‐Soybean Varieties Grown in Northern California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About