Physical and mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde-bonded particleboards made from corn stalk

Abstract

Biomass from annual fibers and agricultural wastes as a raw material to produce particleboard or other composite panels has gained increased popularity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of corn stalk as a material for particleboard manufacturing. The effect of adhesive type and concentration on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard manufactured from corn stalk was evaluated. Particleboards were produced using hot-pressing machine at temperature of 130 °C for urea formaldehyde (UF) and 150 °C for phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesives until 10 min. The size of particleboards and target density were 25 mm x 25 mm x 0.9 mm and 0.8 g/cm3, respectively. The adhesive content was varied from 8, 10 and 12 wt%. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards had better values with increasing the adhesive concentration. The board bonded with PF adhesive showed better physical and mechanical properties than the board bonded with UF adhesive. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond of the board bonded with 12 wt% of PF fulfilled the requirement of the JIS A 5908 (2003) for type 13 particleboard.

Efficient utilization of corn stalk and poplar planer shavings in manufacturing particleboard

“…Most panel types displayed a significant variation (p < 0,01) in their MOR and MOE properties, as well as the corn particles when used to produce particleboard reduced the MOE values greater than the MOR. These results are in agreement with Guler et al (2016) and Prasetiyo et al (2019) and the desired MOE values for multi-purpose particleboards also have been studied and reported as in the literature Goker et al (1993) and Kalaycioglu and Ors (1993).…”

“…Also, it appears from Table 3 that MOR values of particleboards decreased with increases of corn stalk content in the panels. This result is in accordance with Guler et al (2016) and Prasetiyo et al (2019) reporting on the possibilities of utilizing different agriculture residues Kalaycioglu (1992), Goker et al (1993) and Kalaycioglu and Ors (1993). The addition of corn stalks reduces the MOR of particleboard made of UF.…”

“…in addition the IB of the particleboard was decreased with increase of corn stalks content in the panels. Study results have also been reported in other reports on corn stalk board (Akgul et al 2010a, Prasetiyo et al 2019. Some studies have been reported that particleboard made utilizing different agricultural residues have lower mechanical properties than those made of wood particle (Bektas et al 2005, Copur et al 2007, Nemli et al 2009, Buyuksari et al 2010).…”

“…In general, the high values of some physical properties in this study could be attributed to the lack of wax or other hydrophobic substances not used through laboratory manufacturing of particleboard such as heat treatment, water repellent chemicals like paraffin, phenolic adhesives, acetylating of particles and coating of the particleboard surfaces can enhance the water repellence of the boards (Rowell and Norimoto 1988, Nemli et al 2005, Guntekin et al 2008, Buyuksari et al 2010. WA and TS data obtained in this work are similar to data published by others scientists using different agriculture residues including hemps, sunflowers stalks, cotton stalks, pine wood and teas (Kalaycioglu 1992, Guler 2001, Bektas et al 2006, Akgul et al 2010a, Akgul et al 2010b, Prasetiyo et al 2019. Chemical properties of the poplar wood and corn stalks are presented in Table 5.…”

“…Studies researches have been conducted on the uses of corn stalks in the production of composites (Guler et al 2016), As Prasetiyo et al (2019) and they reported that of particleboards made using corn stalk raw materials and urea formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde was satisfactory. Quality varies with the level of resin uses.…”