Physical and electrochemical characterization of nanocrystalline LiMn2O4 prepared by a modified citrate route

Effects of synthetic parameters on structure and electrochemical performance of spinel lithium manganese oxide by citric acid-assisted sol–gel method

“…In this system, the LiOH(s) is so highly soluble in an aqueous solution that it can be precipitated only in a fairly basic region (pH >13) [13]. Moreover, the solubility of citric acid is expected to be increased by the presence of Li + since this gives rise to the formation of soluble citrate complexes such as LiC 6 H 5 O 7 2− .…”

Hydrothermal synthesis of LiMn2O4/C composite as a cathode for rechargeable lithium-ion battery with excellent rate capability

“…These LiMn 2 O 4 are common in large particle sizes, and usually exhibit low power density at high current density due to their low electronic conductivity and the slow lithium diffusion in the solid active materials [7][8][9][10][11]. Recently, nanostructured LiMn 2 O 4 have been extensively prepared by various approaches, such as sol-gel precipitation [12][13][14], solution methods [15], hard-template route [16], and hydrothermal method [17][18][19][20][21][22] to improve the rate capability for lithium-ion batteries.…”

Nanostructured MnO2 for Electrochemical Capacitor

“…Sol-gel chemistry provides homogeneous mixing of reactants on the molecular level and can also be used to control shape, morphology, and particle size in the resulting products (Choy et al, 1999;Wu et al, 2004. Pang et al conducted the first research on solgel processing of thin film MnO 2 electrodes for EC application in 2000 (Wei et al2011;Pang et al, 2000;Lide et al, 2009).…”